Thermodynamic Performance Analysis of a Biogas-Fuelled Micro-Gas Turbine with a Bottoming Organic Rankine Cycle for Sewage Sludge and Food Waste Treatment Plants

Kim, Sun‐Hee; Sung, Taehong; Kim, Kyung Chun

doi:10.3390/en10030275

Cited by 13 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…Kim et al 53 used biogas to run a micro gas turbine (MGT), which is combined with an organic Rankine cycle (ORC) as shown in Figure 4. The biogas of this system was provided by sewage sludge and food waste.…”

Section: Biogas‐fueled Electrical Power Productionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A conceptual review of sustainable electrical power generation from biogas

Abanades

Abbaspour

Ahmadi

et al. 2021

Energy Science & Engineering

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High‐energy demand with rapid industrialization and mechanization combined with environmental pollution due to the burning of fossil fuels has driven a shift toward renewable energy. Biogas derived from biomass is a potential renewable energy source that can be used in different sectors such as transportation sector, electricity generation, heat production, combined heat and power (CHP) systems, and fuel cells. Moreover, the upgraded biogas can be applied as transportation fuel via an internal combustion chamber (for internal combustion engine (ICE) vehicles), and electricity station (for electric vehicles). In the present work, a conceptual review of biogas‐based electrical power production systems is presented. It is clear that the conventional types of biomass contain a high amount of pollutants and unwanted constituents, which lower the lower heating value (LHV) of biogas fuel. Moreover, the energy and exergy efficiencies of biogas applications are influenced by these components. Consequently, several biogas‐upgrading technologies have been elaborated to increase the LHV of biogas fuel by removing biogas pollutants. So, the energy and exergy analyses of biogas‐driven plants are discussed in this regard. Also, the economic analysis of biogas‐fueled systems is measured through the connection between biogas production, purchased electrical power, and selling of an additional amount of biogas. Biogas represents an important source of renewable energy as shown before, and it helps in waste management and W‐to‐E (waste to energy) conversion, which allows utilizing huge amounts of wastes instead of disposal or landfill procedures. However, handling of biogas from production to utilization has an impact on the environment. Therefore, the assessment of the environmental impacts of biogas plants is presented. In addition, a combination of the biogas energy with other sources, especially renewable energy sources (eg, solar‐biogas, geothermal‐biogas, wind‐biogas, CHP, CCHP, and concentrated photovoltaic‐biogas), and reusing waste energy for other tasks (eg, employing the waste heat from a gas turbine) are examined.

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Section: Biogas‐fueled Electrical Power Productionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A conceptual review of sustainable electrical power generation from biogas

Abanades

Abbaspour

Ahmadi

et al. 2021

Energy Science & Engineering

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“…The electrical efficiency of micro gas turbines was more stable, while the electrical efficiency decreased only 0.4% for a 60% methane concentration compared to typical natural gas [13]. A study on thermodynamic assessment of integrated biogas-based micro-power generation system showed that gas turbine cycle is more efficient in terms of utilization of recovered exergy than organic Rankine cycle [14]. The air pollutant emission and maintenance requirements of micro gas turbines would be lower than these from internal combustion engines [15].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

A Case Study on the Electricity Generation Using a Micro Gas Turbine Fuelled by Biogas from a Sewage Treatment Plant

Chang

Hsu

et al. 2019

Energies

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Combined heat and power production from biogas is now playing an important role in energy and resource utilization as well as pollution control in waste water treatment. This research used biogas from the Bali Sewage Treatment Plant in New Taipei City, Taiwan, as a major source of fuel for the electricity generation. A micro gas turbine electricity generator, Capstone CR-30, which possesses a maximum rated power load (PWL) of 30 kW, was equipped to convert biogas into electricity. The biogas is mainly composed of CH4 (56.1 ± 8.0 vol.%), CO2 (25.5 ± 9.8 vol.%), H2 (0.5 vol.%), and H2S (0.99 ± 0.07 ppmv). During the test operation period of the generator, it was found that the thermal efficiency increases from 19.8% to 23.4% kWhe/kWhth, while the electricity generation efficiency (ηEB) also rises from 0.93 to 1.09 kWhe/m3 biogas as the PWL increases from 10 kW to 30 kW. The results indicated that the generator has a better performance with higher PWL. At PWL = 30 kW, the average adjusted concentrations of CO and NOx (adjusted to 15 vol.% O2) emitted from the generator are 86 ppmv and 17 ppmv, respectively. Both are much lower than the emission standards of stationary sources in Taiwan of 2000 ppmv and 150 ppmv, respectively. Thus, PWL of 30 kW was selected in cooperation with biogas inflow = 0.412 m3/min and air/fuel ratio (i.e., air/biogas ratio) = 76.0 vol./vol. for the long-term regular operation. At the above setting conditions for long-term operation, the generator continuously consumed the biogas and provided stable electricity generation at a rate of 19.64 kWhe/h for a 2-year running period. Moreover, the greenhouse gas can be cut off with a rate of 10.78 kg CO2e/h when using biogas as fuel for electricity generation. Overall, this research proves that the application of a micro gas turbine electricity generator not only has promising performance for using biogas but also gives a significant reduction of greenhouse gas emission, which fits the concepts of the circular economy and environmental protection.

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“…Interest in biogas as a potential fuel has been recently turned out to be increasing for decentralized heat and power generation as there is a great potential in Subsaharan Africa for biogas production with overly 600 million people without access to any electricity grids. The application of biogas in organic Rankine cycle (ORC) with high capacities turbine combustor was previously revealed possible from both economic [12] and practical point of view [13]. Biogas showed great net present value (NPV) as a sustainable affordable fuel in a wide range of power demands in turbines [14].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%