Thermodynamic properties of liquid copper–indium–tin alloys determined from e.m.f. measurements

Phase equilibria in the In–Sn-rich part of the Cu–In–Sn ternary system

“…Li et al [21] determined the partial and integral enthalpies of mixing of liquid alloys at 800 • C by a drop calorimetric technique using a Calvet microcalorimeter, and constructed the corresponding iso-enthalpic curves at this temperature. Moreover Popovic and Bencze [22] measured the thermodynamic activities of all three components using Knudsen effusion mass spectrometry between 1000 and 1200 • C, while Jendrzejczyk-Handzlik et al [23] determined thermodynamic properties of liquid Cu-In-Sn alloys using solid oxide galvanic cells with zirconia electrolyte in the temperature range 700-950 • C.…”

Thermodynamic Description of the Quaternary Ag-Cu-In-Sn System

“…These ternary systems have been investigated as well as binaries, and experimental information has been published. The thermodynamic properties of the liquid phase of the ternary Ag-In-Sn were investigated using calorimetric method by Gather et al, 87 Alaoui-Elbelghiti, 88 and Luef et al 89 The activities of the elements in liquid Ag-In-Sn alloys were determined by Miki et al, 90 Popovic and Bencze, 91 and Jendrzejczyk et al 92 The phase equilibria data were obtained by Liu et al 93 Thermodynamic properties of the liquid Ag-Cu-Sn 95 who determined the chemical potential of Sn using the electromotive force measurement method. The equilibria between phases in this ternary system were investigated by Gebhardt and Petzow, 97 Shen, 97 Shen et al, 98 Fodotov, 99, 100 Miller, 101 Chada et al, 102 Moon et al, 103 Loomans and Fine, 104 and Yen and Chen.…”

“…The phase equilibria in this system were determined by Gebhard and Dreher, 107,108 Woychik and Massalski, 109 and Bahari et al 110 The fourth ternary system is Cu-In-Sn. Thermodynamic properties of the liquid phase were determined by Fitzner, 111 Jendrzejczyk-Handzlik et al, 112 Popovic and Bencze, 113 who determined the activity of elements in the liquid phase, and Li et al, 114 who measured the mixing enthalpy of the liquid phase. The phase equilibria of the ternary Cu-In-Sn system ware determined by Liu et al 115 and Lin et al 116 The quaternary system Ag-Cu-In-Sn was examined only in a tin-rich corner by Sopousek et al 117 as a potential solder material.…”

Electromotive Force Measurements in High-Temperature Systems

“…method with YSZ solid electrolyte: Ag-Bi (Gąsior et al, 2003), Ag-Sb (Krzyżak & Fitzner, 2004), Ag-In (Jendrzejczyk & Fitzner, 2005), Ag-Ga (Jendrzejczyk-Handzlik & Fitzner, 2011), Ag-Bi-Pb , Ag-In-Sb (Jendrzejczyk-Handzlik et al, 2006), and Ag-In-Sn (Jendrzejczyk-Handzlik et al, 2008). In Table 5 galvanic cells which were used during measurements performed of various liquid silver alloys and the range of temperature in which measurements were done are given.…”