Thermodynamic study of a water–dimethylformamide–polyacrylonitrile ternary system

Tan, Lianjiang; Pan, Ding; Pan, Ning

doi:10.1002/app.28392

Cited by 45 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…A binodal curve in a ternary diagram divides the triangle into a homogenous single phase region and a nonhomogenous two phase region (solid-polymer rich phase, liquid-polymer lean phase). The present result is in agreement with the earlier report by Tan et al 47 Addition of PU from 10% to 30%, gradually shis the binodal curve towards the right. 2 that the binodal concave curve shis towards the polymersolvent axis for the PAN/DMF/water system.…”

Section: Viscosity Of the Casting Solution And Ternary Phase Diagramsupporting

confidence: 94%

Preparation, characterization and antifouling properties of polyacrylonitrile/polyurethane blend membranes for water purification

Panda

2015

RSC Adv.

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Casting of flat sheet polyacrylonitrile (PAN)/polyurethane (PU) blend membranes was reported for the first time in this work. PU makes the membrane more porous. Ternary phase diagram indicates that the addition of PU increases the thermodynamic instability of the blend. The average pore size of the membrane increased from 11 nm to 18 nm for pure PAN and the PAN/PU blend membranes. The membranes were characterized in terms of permeability, porosity, molecular weight cut-off (MWCO), contact angle, mechanical strength, scanning electron microscope (SEM), atomic force microscope (AFM), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The AFM images indicated that the surface roughness of the membrane increased with an increase in the concentration of PU. Addition of PU also imparted hydrophilicity to the membranes. FTIR and DSC measurements confirm the polymer compatibility of the PAN/PU blend. The PAN/PU blend 70/30 membrane exhibited the maximum antifouling characteristics with a 99% flux recovery ratio associated with the complete removal of turbidities and organic matter.

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Section: Viscosity Of the Casting Solution And Ternary Phase Diagramsupporting

confidence: 94%

Preparation, characterization and antifouling properties of polyacrylonitrile/polyurethane blend membranes for water purification

Panda

2015

RSC Adv.

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“…The cloud‐point curve was determined by the titration method . The solutions of PAN in different solvents with various concentrations from 1 wt % to 30 wt % were prepared by mixing of desired amounts of PAN powder and solvents in the sealed conical flasks.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The increase of the viscosity of the polymer solution upon the addition of PVP hindered the intrusion of the non‐solvent, resulting in a decrease of the phase‐separation rate. Tan et al . manufactured membranes with the immersion phase inversion method and studied the thermodynamics in phase separation of water/dimethylformamide/polyacrylonitrile ternary systems.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pore morphology control and hydrophilicity of polyacrylonitrile ultrafiltration membranes

Ding

Cheng

Jiang

et al. 2015

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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The effects of different solvents (dimethyl formamide: DMF and dimethylsulfoxide: DMSO) on the solubility of polyacrylonitrile (PAN) were investigated by the phase diagrams of H 2 O/DMF/PAN and H 2 O/DMSO/PAN ternary systems through cloudpoint titration method at low polymer concentration. The influences of polymer concentrations and temperatures on the morphologies of PAN ultrafiltration membranes were elucidated. The morphologies of fabricated UF membranes were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and atomic force microscope (AFM), and the basic performance of ultrafiltration including pure water flux and rejection of BSA were explored. At 25 C, the pure water flux of ultrafiltration membranes at the lower PAN content (16 wt % PAN in 84 wt % DMSO) reached 213.8 L/m/bar and the rejection of BSA was 100%. Interestingly, the water flux of UF membranes dramatically decreased to 20.6 L/m/bar (20 wt %) and 2.9 L/m/bar (24 wt %) when increasing PAN concentrations in DMSO. On the other hand, the hydrophilicity of membranes can be enhanced by increasing coagulation temperatures and polymer concentrations which were characterized by static contact angle, fitting well with the variation tendency of roughness. Although there are many works concerning on the effects of phase inversion conditions on the performance of PAN UF membranes, to our best knowledge, there is seldom works focusing on investigating the membrane hydrophilicity trend by adjusting phase inversion conditions. To disclose the reason of the enhanced hydrophilicity, the water and glycol contact angles of various membranes were measured and the surface tensions were presented. The results illustrated that the enhanced hydrophilicity of PAN UF membranes fabricated at higher temperatures or higher polymer concentrations was due to the higher polarity on membrane surface. Since the vast majority of ultrafiltration membranes in labs and in industrial scale have been fabricated by immersion phase inversion method, this work can provide a guidance to obtain hydrophilic PAN UF membranes by adjusting the process of phase inversion. V C 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2015, 132, 41991.

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“…The concentration‐independent binary interaction parameters as explained previously are calculated using the following equation:

χ_{ij} = \frac{v_{i}}{RT} {({normalδ}_{i} - {normalδ}_{j})}^{2}

…”

Section: Theorymentioning

confidence: 99%

Solubility parameter estimation and phase inversion modeling of bentonite‐doped polymeric membrane systems

Kurada

Dutta

Jana

et al. 2019

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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Effects of bentonite concentration on morphology and permeation characteristics of bentonite-doped polysulfone membranes were investigated. Solubility sphere for bentonite was constructed to estimate its solubility parameter. Thermodynamic modeling of phase inversion of this system was carried out using Flory-Huggins theory. The trade-off between thermodynamic and kinetic parameters was used to predict the membrane morphology for bentonite concentration varying from 0 to 5 wt %. The porosity of bentonitedoped membranes decreased up to 3 wt % that increased thereafter. Morphological analysis showed dense cross section with finger-like macrovoids at 3 wt % beyond which it changed to honeycomb structure with large circular voids. Permeability of 3 wt % membrane was the lowest (5.6 × 10 −12 m/Pa s) with 95% bovine serum albumin rejection. Contact angle of the membranes decreased from 83 to 66 with bentonite addition making the membrane more hydrophilic.

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Thermodynamic study of a water–dimethylformamide–polyacrylonitrile ternary system

Cited by 45 publications

References 19 publications

Preparation, characterization and antifouling properties of polyacrylonitrile/polyurethane blend membranes for water purification

Preparation, characterization and antifouling properties of polyacrylonitrile/polyurethane blend membranes for water purification

Pore morphology control and hydrophilicity of polyacrylonitrile ultrafiltration membranes

Solubility parameter estimation and phase inversion modeling of bentonite‐doped polymeric membrane systems

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