Thermodynamic study of the co-crystallization of 2RbCl·NiCl2·2H2O and 2RbCl·MnCl2·2H2O, at the temperature 298.15 K

Thermodynamic study of the Na-Cu-Cl-SO - H O system at the temperature 298.15 K

“…The basic Pitzer model (9,12) was successfully used for the solution of many theoretical and practical problems. It was shown that the ion-interaction model could be used to obtain a sufficiently exact description of the properties of saturated and unsaturated binary, (16,17) ternary, (18,19) and multicomponent (11,12,20) electrolyte solutions from which phases with a constant stoichiometric composition (simple and double salts) or solid solutions (21)(22)(23) crystallized.…”

Chemical and geochemical modeling. Thermodynamic models for binary fluoride systems from low to very high concentration (> 35 m) at 298.15 K

“…2. The β (2) parameter (Eqn. 3A) for 2-2 type of electrolytes Pitzer and Mayorga (1973) did not present analysis for any 2-2 (e.g.…”

“…To describe the high concentration solution behaviour of systems showing a "smooth" maximum on γ ± vs. m dependence, and to account strong association reactions at high molality, Christov (1996Christov ( , 1999Christov ( , 2000Christov ( , 2005) used a very simple modelling technology: introducing into a model a fourth ion interaction parameter from basic Pitzer theory {β (2) }, and varying the values of α 1 and α 2 terms. The author also found that by variation of the values of α 1 and α 2 terms it is possible to vary the concentration range of binary solutions at which association reactions become more important and should be account by introducing β (2) parameter.…”

“…According to Christov (2005), model which uses α 1 = 1.4 and α 2 = 12 accounts association only at low molality solutions (see Christov and Moller (2004b) for Ca(OH) 2 -H 2 O model). According to previous studies of one of the authors (Christov) an approach with 4 ion interaction parameters (β (0) ,β (1) , β (2) , and C φ ), and In parameterization process we used the value of Debye-Hückel term (A φ ) equals to 0.39147 at 25 o C, as given in Christov (2009aChristov ( , 2009bChristov ( , 2012 solutions the model for this system has been constructed by variation of both ( 2 and  2 ) terms. On the basis of evaluated in this study binary parameters (β (0) , β (1) , β (2) ,and C φ ) we also determine…”

“…The specific interaction approach for describing electrolyte solutions to high concentration introduced by Pitzer (1973,1991) represents a significant advance in physical chemistry that has facilitated the construction of accurate computer thermodynamic models. It was showed that this approach could be expanded to accurately calculate solubilities in complex brines, and to predict the behavior of natural and industrial fluids from very low to very high concentration at standard temperature of Christov, 1996Christov, , 1998Christov, , 1999Christov, , 2000Christov, , 2001aChristov, , 2001bChristov, , 2002aChristov, , 2002bChristov, , 2003aChristov, , 2003bChristov, , 2005, and from 0 to 290 o C (Lassin et al, 2015;Christov & Moller, 2004a, 2004bMoller et al, 2006;Christov, 2007Christov, , 2009aChristov, , 2009bChristov, , 2012.…”