Thermodynamics and Stoichiometry of Synthesis.Gas Production

Montgomery, C. W.; Weinberger, E. B.; Hoffman, Dwight S.

doi:10.1021/ie50460a008

Cited by 11 publications

(10 citation statements)

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“…In the equivalence ratio range 1.5-3, there is not an effect of pressure, as the effect of the drive toward equilibrium is compensated by the shift of the equilibrium. The results above confirm results reported by Mayland and Hays (1949) and Montgomery et al (1948).…”

Section: Pressure Effectsupporting

confidence: 92%

Prediction and Measurement of the Product Gas Composition of the Ultra Rich Premixed Combustion of Natural Gas: Effects of Equivalence Ratio, Residence Time, Pressure, and Oxygen Concentration

Albrecht¹,

Kok²,

Dijkstra³

et al. 2009

Combustion Science and Technology

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The ultra rich combustion (partial oxidation) of natural gas to hydrogen and carbon monoxide is theoretically and experimentally investigated. The effect of the process parameters equivalence ratio, residence time, pressure, and composition of the oxidizer is explored. Computations are performed with the use of the chemical kinetics simulation package CHEMKIN. First, the ultra rich combustion process is modeled as a freely propagating flame in order to establish the rich flame propagation properties. An Arrhenius correlation of the laminar flame speed with the adiabatic flame temperature is found with activation temperature 20,000 K. Subsequently, perfectly stirred reactor (PSR) computations were performed. From these, it is concluded that optimal natural gas conversion to hydrogen and carbon monoxide requires a residence time of at least 50 ms and, depending on residence time, an equivalence ratio between 2 and 4. To reach chemical equilibrium in ultra rich mixtures, the residence time is very long (>1000 ms). The model predictions are validated by experiments on ultra rich combustion of natural gas by means of air enriched to 40% oxygen concentration at up to 3 bar and 300 kW. The effect of equivalence ratio at residence time 50 ms was investigated. Good comparison was found between measurements and model predictions on carbon monoxide, hydrogen, and the soot precursor acetylene. It can be concluded that the model provides reliable information on product gas concentrations as a result of ultra rich combustion of natural gas.

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Section: Pressure Effectsupporting

confidence: 92%

Prediction and Measurement of the Product Gas Composition of the Ultra Rich Premixed Combustion of Natural Gas: Effects of Equivalence Ratio, Residence Time, Pressure, and Oxygen Concentration

Albrecht¹,

Kok²,

Dijkstra³

et al. 2009

Combustion Science and Technology

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“…Various simplified computational methods which have been applied to the CHO system containing only those species mentioned above are available in the literature (9)(10)(11)(12)(13)(14). Some of these methods are largely graphical (9,11,12), while others are algebraic (10,13,14).…”

Section: Thermodynamic Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Some of these methods are largely graphical (9,11,12), while others are algebraic (10,13,14). These simple methods can be justified only when a limited number of results are 1025 necessary, or when limited accuracy is desired, More sophisticated mathematical approaches, using computer methods (15,16), are highly recommended where a large volume of high precision results is required.…”

Section: Thermodynamic Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Thermodynamics of Hydrocarbon Fuel Cells

Cairns

Tevebaugh

Holm

1963

J. Electrochem. Soc.

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Recently, there has been a great increase in activity in the field of hydrocarbon fuel cells. A rather neglected area has been that of the thermodynamics of the reactions in the anode compartment. The conditions under which a fuel cell must be operated in order to prevent carbon deposition have been calculated for the CHO system at 500~ under two important sets of conditions. Two literature methods for the calculation of the complex gas phase equilibria were evaluated, and an improved method extending one of these methods is presented. The calculations show that unexpectedly high and constant emf values are possible. Appreciable amounts (ca. 1%) of hydrogen were found to be present at equilibrium over a wide range of fuel compositions at 500~

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“…A carbon oxide process somewhat related to the above is also suggested in Table III. The first reaction is known industrially as the water gas shift reaction and for many years has been used in secondary steam reformers for hydrogen production (2,71,79). At the indicated temperature the reaction achieves equilibrium very rapidly over a Cr-Ni catalyst.…”

Section: Reverse Deacon Processesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thermochemical Water Decomposition Processes

Chao¹

1974

Product R&D

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mer chairman of the Department of Chemical Engineering at the University of Puerto Rico, After receiving his doctorate from Johns Hopkins in 1964, he worked at Esso Engineering in Florham Park, N. J., and was in charge of a research effort on hydrogen production via steam reforming. In 1973 he was a NASA-ASEE Fellow at the JSC in Houston on a systems study of hydrogen production via thermochemical cycles.Hydrogen, from the greek Hydro, of water, and Gonon, the maker, was the second chemical element identified and christened by Antoine Lavoisier in the middle of the 18th century. Since then, it has always been associated

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Thermodynamics and Stoichiometry of Synthesis.Gas Production

Cited by 11 publications

References 0 publications

Prediction and Measurement of the Product Gas Composition of the Ultra Rich Premixed Combustion of Natural Gas: Effects of Equivalence Ratio, Residence Time, Pressure, and Oxygen Concentration

Prediction and Measurement of the Product Gas Composition of the Ultra Rich Premixed Combustion of Natural Gas: Effects of Equivalence Ratio, Residence Time, Pressure, and Oxygen Concentration

Thermodynamics of Hydrocarbon Fuel Cells

Thermochemical Water Decomposition Processes

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