“…The concept of VMS interface stabilization (Aduloju and Truster, 2019;Masud et al, 2012;Truster et al, 2015;Truster and Masud, 2014) is employed to obtain an explicit expression for the contact traction t cont . In our earlier work, we have demonstrated that VMS interface stabilization is effective in enforcing the continuity of the displacement at the interfaces in both the small stain (Truster and Masud, 2014) and large strain regimes (Masud and Chen, 2019;Truster et al, 2015), as well as capturing the discontinuity due to debonding or dynamic frictional sliding (Chen et al, 2018(Chen et al, , 2020Masud et al, 2012;Truster and Masud, 2016). The accurate representation of t cont plays an important role in both mechanical and thermal evolution at the interfaces.…”