Thermoelectric Properties of Polymeric Mixed Conductors

Ail, Ujwala; Jafari, Mohammad Javad; Wang, Hui; Ederth, Thomas; Berggren, Magnus; Crispin, Xavier

doi:10.1002/adfm.201601106

Cited by 106 publications

(112 citation statements)

References 47 publications

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“…fabricated a humidity sensor using PEDOT:PSS, and they expressed that the change in impedance is based on the dissociation of OH groups in PSS chain and the formation of free charge carriers in PEDOT chain43. In fact, it was recently shown that PEDOT:PSS films act as a mixed ionic-electronic conductor and exhibit a variation in its charge transport property as the humidity level is altered4445. Furthermore, Nardes et al .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Inkjet-Printed Graphene/PEDOT:PSS Temperature Sensors on a Skin-Conformable Polyurethane Substrate

Vuorinen

Niittynen

Kankkunen

et al. 2016

Sci Rep

279

204

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Epidermal electronic systems (EESs) are skin-like electronic systems, which can be used to measure several physiological parameters from the skin. This paper presents materials and a simple, straightforward fabrication process for skin-conformable inkjet-printed temperature sensors. Epidermal temperature sensors are already presented in some studies, but they are mainly fabricated using traditional photolithography processes. These traditional fabrication routes have several processing steps and they create a substantial amount of material waste. Hence utilizing printing processes, the EES may become attractive for disposable systems by decreasing the manufacturing costs and reducing the wasted materials. In this study, the sensors are fabricated with inkjet-printed graphene/PEDOT:PSS ink and the printing is done on top of a skin-conformable polyurethane plaster (adhesive bandage). Sensor characterization was conducted both in inert and ambient atmosphere and the graphene/PEDOT:PSS temperature sensors (thermistors) were able reach higher than 0.06% per degree Celsius sensitivity in an optimal environment exhibiting negative temperature dependence.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Inkjet-Printed Graphene/PEDOT:PSS Temperature Sensors on a Skin-Conformable Polyurethane Substrate

Vuorinen

Niittynen

Kankkunen

et al. 2016

Sci Rep

279

204

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“…The fact that PSS is also ionically conductive furthermore leads to mixed conductivity phenomena at high relative humidity, a topic that will not be further discussed here. [99,100] For these reasons it can upfront be expected that PEDOT:PSS will behave differently than the blends in section 3.3 where the second component is more inert. Table 2 provides an overview of selected results.…”

Section: Pedot:pssmentioning

confidence: 99%

Conjugated Polymer Blends for Organic Thermoelectrics

Zuo

Abdalla

Kemerink

2019

Adv Elect Materials

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A major attraction of organic conjugated semiconductors is that materials with new, emergent functionality can be designed and made by simple blending, as is extensively used in e.g. bulk heterojunction organic solar cells. Here, we critically review doped blends based on organic semiconductors (OSC) for thermoelectric applications. Several experimental strategies to improve thermoelectric performance, measured in terms of power factor (PF) or figure-ofmerit ZT, have been demonstrated in recent literature. Specifically, density-of-states design in blends of 2 OSCs can be used to obtain electronic Seebeck coefficients up to ∼2000 µV/K. Alternatively, blending with (high-dielectric constant) insulating polymers can improve doping efficiency and thereby conductivity, as well as induce more favorable morphologies that improve conductivity while hardly affecting thermopower. In the PEDOT:PSS blend system, processing schemes to either improve conductivity via morphology or via (partial) removal of the electronically isolating PSS, or both, have been demonstrated. Although a range of experiments have at least quasi-quantitatively been explained by analytical or numerical models, a comprehensive model for organic thermoelectrics is lacking so far.Strategies to increase thermoelectric performance of doped organic semiconductors by blending are reviewed. Experimental results are, where possible, compared to analytical and numerical models. Several promising strategies to increase conductivity and/or thermopower are experimentally identified in recent literature. In contrast, formal understanding, especially of the role of morphology, is somewhat lagging behind.

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“…But if the electronic conducting paths are removed, for example, for pure ionic conductors, such as polystyrene sulfonic acid (PSSH), the ionic Seebeck coefficient was found to be extremely large and stable with time ($a few mV K À1 ). 15 Recently, two classes of material have been explored for use in thermoelectricity: ionic conductors [16][17][18] and electrolytes. 19 A thermovoltage is developed in an ionic conductor submitted to a temperature difference because of the so-called Soret effect (thermodiffusion of ions).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%