Thermogravimetric Kinetics of Catalytic and Non-Catalytic Pyrolytic Conversion of Palm Kernel Shell with Acid-Treated Coal Bottom Ash

Patrick, David Onoja; Yusup, Suzana; Osman, Noridah; Zabiri, Haslinda; Uemura, Yoshimitsu; Shahbaz, Muhammad

doi:10.1007/s12155-020-10101-2

Cited by 11 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 49 publications

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“…The pyrolysis process of coal has been successfully described by the DAEM. 19 , 20 To further analyze the pyrolysis kinetics of coal samples, this study assumed that the whole pyrolysis process of coal is composed of a set of irreversible single (first-order) reactions occurring successively. These reactions are numbered i = 1... n , and the contribution of the i th reaction to the pyrolysis process is expressed by the first-order equation: where a i is the weight loss mass fraction of the i th reaction, and a i * is the total weight loss mass fraction of the i th reaction.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence Mechanism of Water-Soluble Sodium on Zhundong Coal Pyrolysis

et al. 2022

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An inherent water-soluble sodium-loaded coal sample was prepared using crown ether for this study. The pyrolysis process of an inherent water-soluble sodium-loaded coal sample and a water-soluble sodium compound-loaded coal sample was researched by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). Also, the pyrolysis kinetics of the coal samples were analyzed and researched by the distributed activation energy model (DAEM). The results show that the inherent water-soluble sodium is mainly concentrated on coal particles, which further aggravates the degree of the pyrolysis reaction. The presence of sodium can promote the weight loss of coal samples in the preliminary stage of pyrolysis and the thermal condensation stage, block the escape of volatile matter during the main pyrolysis period, and inhibit the process of graphitization of char. The activation energy of pyrolysis increases with the carbon conversion rate, and the presence of sodium can reduce the activation energy under the same carbon conversion rate.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence Mechanism of Water-Soluble Sodium on Zhundong Coal Pyrolysis

et al. 2022

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“…In the recent past, cracking is done by placing the nut on the top of the stone and striking it with another stone with an impact force, causing the shell to split. However, the industries and local farmers need palm kernel machine to aid their production in order to meet the market requirement (Patrick, et al, 2004) [10]. Due to technological advancement, palm kernel machines were developed for cracking palm kernel to remove the shell from the nut.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Varied Pulleys on A Centrifugal Palm Kernel Cracker

Hephzibah,

Rotimi,

Olumuyiwa

et al. 2023

IJITEE

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This paper is based on the performance evaluation of centrifugal palm kernel cracker for small, medium and large scale firms that deals with the cracking of palm kernel nut to meet market requirement. The cracking machine has hopper, the cracking chamber which incorporates the shaft and flange, the outlet, electric motor, belt and pulleys. The performance of the machine was evaluated by considering the cracking time and the shaft speed. The machine was modified by introducing four pulleys with diameters of 200mm, 250mm, 300mm, and 350mm, which produced rotor speeds of 936rpm, 749rpm, 624rpm and 535rpm respectively. The rotor speeds were then used to test the designed machine and its efficiency were evaluated. The machine has cracking chamber, which flap the palm kernel nuts on the stationary hard surface. The designed machine was operated by 15hp electric motor. The result showed that the cracking efficiency was highest at 936rpm with efficiency of 53% for a time taken of 38sec to crack effectively.

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“…Data from TGA has been used for kinetic study of microalgae pyrolysis, which in turn has been applied to determinethe best fit reaction model as well as the activation energy for the pyrolysis of microalgae. This method is well established and recommended by the kinetic committee of the International Confederation for Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry (ICTAC) [13,14].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pyrolysis and Kinetic Analysis of CO2 Fixation Marine (Isochrysis sp.) and Freshwater (Monoraphidium c.) Microalgae

Osman

Amina

Patrick

et al. 2021

Preprint

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Marine and freshwater microalgae grow in two different ecosystems, which influence their properties thus requires attention prior to determining its application. This paper has successfully disclosed the thermal, chemical, and physical properties of two types of microalgae on carbon dioxide (CO2) fixation and underwent pyrolysis process. Slow pyrolysis process for marine and freshwater microalgae (Isochrysis sp. and Monoraphidium c.) was performed in the fixed bed pyrolysis reactor and TGA (thermogravimetric analyzer) to determine the product yield and study their thermal decomposition profile. The pyrolysis was completed at various temperatures (400, 450, 500, and 550°C) at a heating rate of 15 °Cmin-1 and nitrogen flow rate of 200 ml min-1. Pyrolysis in TGA analyzer ran from 27 to 800°C at three heating rates (10, 20, and 40 °Cmin-1). For chemical composition, Fourier-transform Infrared (FTIR) analysis was performed on both microalgae samples. The highest yield (up to 33.9%) of bio-oil was obtained from Isochrysis sp. for all temperatures while the highest average yield (65.78%) of bio-char was collected from Monoraphidium c. species. From TGA pyrolysis, the major decomposition occurred between 200-400°C for Monoraphidium c. species. On the other hand, the decomposition profile of Isochrysis sp. was slightly slower, which may be due to the differences in lipid composition (FTIR peak 2929 cm-1). The activation energy of all tests is lower (33.6-40.3 kJ mol-1) compared to several other biomasses. Marine species fixed with CO2 showed promising results even without addition of catalyst and no additional cost needed.

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Thermogravimetric Kinetics of Catalytic and Non-Catalytic Pyrolytic Conversion of Palm Kernel Shell with Acid-Treated Coal Bottom Ash

Cited by 11 publications

References 49 publications

Influence Mechanism of Water-Soluble Sodium on Zhundong Coal Pyrolysis

Influence Mechanism of Water-Soluble Sodium on Zhundong Coal Pyrolysis

Effect of Varied Pulleys on A Centrifugal Palm Kernel Cracker

Pyrolysis and Kinetic Analysis of CO2 Fixation Marine (Isochrysis sp.) and Freshwater (Monoraphidium c.) Microalgae

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