Detailed microstructure characterisation and in-situ micropillar compression were coupled with crystal plasticity-based finite element modelling (CP-FEM) to study the micromechanisms of plastic anisotropy in lamellar TiAl alloys. The consideration of microstructure in both simulation and in-situ experiments enables in-depth understanding of micromechanisms responsible for the highly anisotropic deformation response of TiAl on the intralamella and inter-lamella scales. This study focuses on two specific configurations of / 2 lamellar microstructure with the / 2 interfaces being aligned 25 and 55 to the loading direction. Microstructure-based CP-FEM shows that longituginal slip of super and ordinary dislocations are most responsible for the plastic anisotropy in the 25 micropillar while the anisotropy of the 55 micropillar is due to longitudinal superdislocations and longitudinal twins. In addition, transversal superdislocations were more active, making the deformation in the 25 micropillar less localised than that in the 55 micropillar. Moreover, the CP-FEM 2 / 42 model successfully predicted substantial build-up of internal stresses at / 2 interfaces, which is believed to be detrimental to the ductility in TiAl. However, as evidenced by the model, the detrimental internal stresses can be significantly relieved by the activation of transverse deformation twinning, suggesting that the ductility of TiAl can be improved by promoting transverse twins.
IntroductionTitanium aluminide (TiAl) alloys have a density approximately half that of nickel-based superalloys [1] and specific strength that is comparable with nickel-based alloys up to temperatures as high as 700 o C [2], resulting in a potentially wide application of the alloys in aero-engines [3,4]. However, the application of TiAl alloys is limited by their low ductility, which is mainly due to the anisotropy of constituent microstructure in TiAl, and insufficient understanding of the microstructure-property relationships. In-depth understanding of the relationships would lead to wider applications of these lightweight alloys in aerospace, leading to the weight reduction, thereby, increase in the fuel efficiency and decrease in the CO2 emissions. Although there have been significant efforts in understanding the relationships between chemical composition, microstructure and mechanical properties of TiAl alloys, in particular regarding the TiAl lamellar microstructure [1, 5-7], there have been no detailed studies in which both in-situ mechanical testing and microstructure-based modelling are carried out to provide more insights into the direct relationships between constituent microstructures and mechanical properties. This present study aims to integrate modelling and in-situ tests to seek possible solutions to the low ductility of TiAl. The poor ductility of lamellar TiAl alloys is partly due to its strong plastic anisotropy because of the respective anisotropy of constituent phases. Lamellar TiAl alloys consist of two phases: -face centred tetragonal (f.c.t.) and ...