Thermomechanical processing of iron, titanium, and zirconium alloys in the bcc structure

Bourell, David L.; McQueen, H.J.

doi:10.1007/bf02833686

Cited by 42 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 97 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…The literature surveyed seems to indicate that the solutes only slightly reduce DRV and do not give rise to alloy class behavior. In consequence of the high level of DRV, the ductility is an order of magnitude higher for Fe-25Cr (slightly less than h-Fe) than for Fe -25Ni (much less than k-Fe with C) even though it undergoes DRX [217,233,286]. While there is no equivalent to anodizing and POM for providing subgrain contrast as in Al, the SGB in hFe do etch, more strongly as m rises.…”

Section: Ferritic Steelsmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…Ferritic steels (C, Si, Cr stainless) undergo a high level of DRV with much similarity to Al alloys [190,217,233,237,284 -286]; other body centered cubic alloys behave in the same way, notably i-Ti, i-Zr, and Mo [286]. The literature surveyed seems to indicate that the solutes only slightly reduce DRV and do not give rise to alloy class behavior.…”

Section: Ferritic Steelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A comparison and contrast between ferrite and austenite have been drawn up [217,233]. Warm working of ferritic steels has the advantages of easier lubrication and diminished scaling; however, as the carbide content rises, the strength rises and ductility decreases to above and below those for austenitic steels [233,286,289].…”

Section: Ferritic Steelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Current issues in recrystallization: a review

Doherty¹,

Hughes²,

Humphreys³

et al. 1997

Materials Science and Engineering: A

2,063

623

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The current understanding of the fundamentals of recrystallization is summarized. This includes understanding the as-deformed state. Several aspects of recrystallization are described: nucleation and growth, the development of misorientation during deformation, continuous, dynamic, and geometric dynamic recrystallization, particle effects, and texture. This article is authored by the leading experts in these areas. The subjects are discussed individually and recommendations for further study are listed in the final section. © 1997 Elsevier Science S.A.

show abstract

Section: Ferritic Steelsmentioning

confidence: 97%

Section: Ferritic Steelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Current issues in recrystallization: a review

Doherty¹,

Hughes²,

Humphreys³

et al. 1997

Materials Science and Engineering: A

2,063

623

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…[8,9] Dynamic recrystallization at temperatures in the b phase field has been reported for a + b Ti-6Al-4V, [10,11] a + b Ti-6246, [12] near-a IMI829, [13] and near-a Ti-1100, [14] and at temperatures in the a + b phase field, for initial (as-received) bimodal a + b microstructures of Ti-6Al-4V [9] and Ti-6246. [15] New grain formation in Ti-6Al-4V [7] and the b alloy Ti-10V-2Fe-3Al [16] has also been ascribed to the continuous recrystallization that results from the progressive misorientation of recovered subgrain boundaries.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Recrystallization during Thermomechanical Processing of IMI834

Jahazi

Yue

2008

Metall Mater Trans A

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The microstructure development of the near-a titanium alloy IMI834 displaying an initial bimodal a + b microstructure has been characterized with respect to dynamic and static b recrystallization, through quantitative metallography. The investigation was supplemented by interrupted compression testing, to evaluate the applicability of fractional softening in the determination of static recrystallization kinetics for titanium alloys. Micrographs are presented that indicate that dynamic recrystallization occurred under test conditions (temperatures of 975°C, 1000°C, 1025°C, 1060°C, and 1100°C and strain rates of 0.01, 0.1, and 1 s -1 ), although complete grain refinement and homogeneity were only achieved following static recrystallization. Measurement obtained via image analysis revealed recrystallization kinetics that increased with temperature, for single-phase b predeformation microstructures (1060°C to 1100°C). However, bimodal a + b microstructures (1000°C to 1025°C) displayed more rapid recrystallization rates with decreasing temperature, which was attributed to a corresponding increase in a phase fraction. This increase yielded a more refined initial b grain size and an increase in favorable nucleation sites. In two-phase a + b microstructures (975°C) with secondary a in the b matrix, recrystallized grains could not be directly observed with optical microscopy. However, interrupted compression testing indicated that static recrystallization may be comparable to that observed at 1000°C. At all temperatures, an increasing strain rate accelerated recrystallization kinetics.

show abstract

“…Magnesium parts are usually drawn at an elevated temperature in one operation without repeated annealing and redrawing, thus reducing the time involved for making the part and eliminating the necessity of additional die equipment for extra stages. In order to establish a database for a resurgence in mechanical shaping for both automotive and aircraft components, a program on hot workability of Mg alloys was launched to transfer theories developed for Al alloys, ferritic and austenitic steels [14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24]. In addition to dislocation glide mechanisms associated with dynamic recovery (DRV) and dynamic recrystallization (DRX) (common to most metals [22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32]), mechanical twinning is expected to play a significant role and influence both DRV and DRX [32][33][34].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microstructural Evolution and Strength in Hot Working of ZK60 and other Mg Alloys

McQueen¹,

Myshlyaev²,

Mwembela³

2003

Canadian Metallurgical Quarterly

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The microstructures close to the gauge surface were observed by optical and transmission electron (TEM) microscopy in ZK60 (Mg-5.7Zn-0.65Zr) and in AZ31S (Mg-2.8Al-0.9Zn) after torsion testing over 180 -450 °C and 0.01 to 1.0 s -1 . The flow curves rose rapidly to a peak stress which was lower as temperature T rose and strain rate declined. At or below 240 °C, the stress fell rapidly to fracture but at or above 300 °C the curves descended less rapidly and extended into plateaus until failure. Clearly, grains that are not oriented for slip undergo twinning in the initial stages (e £ 0.15) at all temperatures and some grains undergo the process as they rotate with strain. Basal slip proceeds in suitable grains and in the early formed twins leading to planar arrays. The stress concentrations at grain boundaries and in twins especially near intersections lead to slip on non-basal systems and to the formation of subgrains with greater dynamic recovery at higher T and lower e ◊ . With increasing strain, misorientation builds up resulting in dynamic recrystallization (DRX), first at twin intersections with very fine cells and later at grain boundaries which have become quite serrated. Even after extensive straining at high temperatures, the new grains are found mainly as thick necklaces along the boundaries of the original grains leaving their centers with only basal slip; however, grains that twinned are likely to become completely replaced because of nucleation at twins.Résumé -On a utilisé la microscopie optique et la microscopie électronique à transmission (TEM) pour observer la microstructure près de la surface de l'échantillon de ZK60 (Mg-5.7Zn-0.65Zr) et de AZ31S (Mg-2.8Al-0.9Zn), après épreuve de torsion entre 180-450 °C et à 0.01-1.0 s -1 . Les courbes d'écoulement s'éle-vaient rapidement en une contrainte maximale, plus basse à mesure que la température T s'élevait et que la vitesse de déformation diminuait; à, ou au-dessous de, 240 °C, la contrainte diminuait rapidement vers la rupture mais à, ou au-dessus de, 300 °C, les courbes descendaient moins rapidement et s'étendaient en plateaux jusqu'au point de défaillance. Les grains non orientés pour le glissement subissent le maclage aux étapes initiales (e £ 0.15) à toutes les températures alors que certains grains subissent ce procédé tout en pivotant avec déformation. Le glissement basal se poursuit dans les grains appropriés et dans les macles formés tôt, aboutissant en des réseaux plans. La concentration de contrainte aux joints de grain et dans les macles, plus spé-cialement près des intersections, conduit au glissement dans des systèmes non basaux et à la formation de sous-grains, avec une plus grande restauration dynamique à température plus élevée et à plus faible e ◊ . Avec l'augmentation de déformation, une erreur d'orientation se développe, résultant en une recristallisation dynamique (DRX), d'abord aux intersections de macles, avec des cellules très fines et, plus tard, aux joints de grains devenus plutôt dentelés. Même après une déformation extensiv...

show abstract

Thermomechanical processing of iron, titanium, and zirconium alloys in the bcc structure

Cited by 42 publications

References 97 publications

Current issues in recrystallization: a review

Current issues in recrystallization: a review

Recrystallization during Thermomechanical Processing of IMI834

Microstructural Evolution and Strength in Hot Working of ZK60 and other Mg Alloys

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About