Thermophysical properties of liquid iron

Beutl, Michael; Pottlacher, Gernot; Jäger, Helmut

doi:10.1007/bf01458840

Cited by 76 publications

(33 citation statements)

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“…6, we obtain a value of 1.244 µ · m for the electrical resistivity of iron, and at the end of melting, a value of 1.275 µ · m; thus, an increase of ρ = 0.031 µ · m at melting is observed. Cezairliyan and McClure [6] report ρ I G (1800 K) = 1.269 µ · m for the solid phase, and Beutl et al [23] report ρ I G (1808 K) = 1.29 µ · m for the liquid. Our values are in good agreement with literature values, but as mentioned above, recent measurements in the liquid phase tend to lower resistivity values.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…For the temperature range from 473 K< T < 1270 K our DSC measurements are presented in Table I, as the data can not be described by a polynomial fit (also a higher-order polynomial fit would cause unacceptable differences in the accuracy of the graph). [15]; filled circles: data from the liquid phase from [23]; open stars: high temperature values from [17]. The linear fit for solid iron in the temperature range 1420 K< T < 1790 K obtained by pulse-heating is…”

Section: Ironmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the range 473 K< T < 1000 K by means of DSC we obtain ρ el,I G (T ) = 0.015 + 1.998 × 10 −4 T + 5.433 × 10 −7 T 2 + 1.935 × 10 −10 T 3(23) and in the range 1000 K< T < 1270 K,ρ el,I G (T ) = −20.603 + 0.053T − 4.269 × 10 −5 T 2 + 1.161 × 10 −8 T 3 . (24) By pulse-heating we obtain in the solid range 1250 K< T < 1790 K, ρ el,I G (T ) = 0.591 + 6.594 × 10 −4 T − 1.648 × 10 −7 T 2 (25) and in the liquid range 1830 K< T < 2370 K ρ el,I G (T ) = 1.232 + 2.342 × 10 −5 T .…”

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confidence: 98%

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Combined DSC and Pulse-Heating Measurements of Electrical Resistivity and Enthalpy of Platinum, Iron, and Nickel

Wilthan

Cagran

Pottlacher

2004

International Journal of Thermophysics

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Measurements of the enthalpy, electrical resistivity, and specific heat capacity as a function of temperature starting from the solid state up into the liquid phase for Fe, Ni, and Pt are presented. Two different measurement approaches have been used within this work: an ohmic pulse-heating technique, which allows -among others -the measurement of enthalpy, specific heat capacity, and electrical resistivity up to the end of the stable liquid phase, and a differential-scanning-calorimetry technique (DSC) which enables determination of specific heat capacity from near room temperature up to 1500 K. The microsecond ohmic pulse-heating technique uses heating rates up to 10 8 K·s −1 and thus is a dynamic measurement, whereas the differential-scanning-calorimetry technique uses heating rates of typically 20 K·min −1 and can be considered as a quasi-static process. Despite the different heating rates both methods give good agreement of the thermophysical data within the stated uncertainties of each experiment. Results on the metals Fe, Ni, and Pt are reported. The enthalpy and resistivity data are presented as a function of temperature and compared to literature values.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Section: Ironmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 98%

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Combined DSC and Pulse-Heating Measurements of Electrical Resistivity and Enthalpy of Platinum, Iron, and Nickel

Wilthan

Cagran

Pottlacher

2004

International Journal of Thermophysics

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“…1, the measured density on the liquid branch of the liquid-vapour phase boundary of iron is presented as a function of the shock pressure achieved in the iron sample. The intersection of the data and the 1-bar boiling point density of liquid iron 21,22 represents the shock pressure required for the release path to intersect the boiling point. Thus, we have experimentally linked the thermodynamic state at the 1-bar boiling point to the principal Hugoniot via the release isentrope.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact vaporization of planetesimal cores in the late stages of planet formation

Kraus

Root²,

Lemke³

et al. 2015

Nature Geosci

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Di erentiated planetesimals delivered iron-rich material to the Earth and Moon in high-velocity collisions at the end stages of accretion. The physical process of accreting this late material has implications for the geochemical evolution of the Earth-Moon system and the timing of Earth's core formation 1-3 . However, the fraction of a planetesimal's iron core that is vaporized by an impact is not well constrained as a result of iron's poorly understood equation of state. Here we determine the entropy in the shock state of iron using a recently developed shock-and-release experimental technique implemented at the Sandia National Laboratory Z-Machine. We find that the shock pressure required to vaporize iron is 507 (+65, −85) GPa, which is lower than the previous theoretical estimate 4 (887 GPa) and readily achieved by the high velocity impacts at the end stages of accretion. We suggest that impact vaporization of planetesimal cores dispersed iron over the surface of the growing Earth and enhanced chemical equilibration with the mantle. In addition, the comparatively low abundance of highly siderophile elements in the lunar mantle and crust 5-8 can be explained by the retention of a smaller fraction of vaporized planetesimal iron on the Moon, as compared with Earth, due to the Moon's lower escape velocity.Estimates of the timing of the end of Earth's core formation range from ∼30 to >100 Myr after the start of the Solar System 2 and depend on approximations for the magnitude of metal-silicate chemical equilibration for impactors of different sizes and impact velocities. Complete equilibration via emulsification of iron in a mantle magma ocean may occur by mixing the core material to centimetre length scales 9 . However, numerical simulations of giant impacts generally find that the impactor's core penetrates through the mantle to Earth's core 10,11 , and calculations of Rayleigh-Taylor instabilities and turbulent mixing do not achieve emulsification of iron cores larger than about 10 km (ref. 12). Even when cores are emulsified by instabilities, they may only equilibrate with a fraction of Earth's mantle unless there is significant post-emulsification mixing 12 . Thus, studies of the physics of core formation have suggested limited chemical equilibration of impactor cores with Earth's mantle. In contrast, chemical 1 and W-isotopic evidence 2 suggest that more substantial equilibration must have occurred.Core formation removes highly siderophile elements (HSEs: Re, Os, Ir, Ru, Rh, Pt, Pd, Au) from the mantle, but Earth's mantle contains orders of magnitude higher concentrations of HSEs than predicted by their low-pressure metal-silicate partitioning coefficients 6,13 . The concentrations and chondritic proportions of HSEs in the mantles of the Earth, Moon and other planets are used to infer the late accretion of chondritic planetesimals throughout the inner Solar System 3,13 . Perplexingly, the abundance of HSEs in the lunar mantle and crust has been estimated to be about one to two orders of magnitude smaller than...

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“…7 is used to determine the parameters. The critical point temperature and pressure of iron used are 9250 K and 8750 bar, 8 respectively. In this way, the vaporization processes up to the critical point can be simulated using realistic material properties.…”

Section: Mathematical Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

On vaporization in laser material interaction

2010

Journal of Applied Physics

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In this article, vaporization processes in the laser interaction with materials are studied theoretically and computationally, focusing on evaporation and homogeneous bubble nucleation. Simulations are carried out using the Redlich-Kwong equation of state and temperature-dependent material property models that can be used up to the critical point. From theoretical considerations, four important temperatures are identified in the understanding of laser material interaction. This study also shows that there are upper limits to the amount of energy that can be consumed by vaporization, which takes place at a temperature that is lower than the material's critical point. This study also discusses the transition from the thermal mode of ablation to the nonthermal mode in terms of the energy capacity of homogeneous boiling.

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Thermophysical properties of liquid iron

Cited by 76 publications

References 7 publications

Combined DSC and Pulse-Heating Measurements of Electrical Resistivity and Enthalpy of Platinum, Iron, and Nickel

Combined DSC and Pulse-Heating Measurements of Electrical Resistivity and Enthalpy of Platinum, Iron, and Nickel

Impact vaporization of planetesimal cores in the late stages of planet formation

On vaporization in laser material interaction

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