Thermoplastic Elastomers

Abstract

The article contains sections titled: 1. Thermoplastic Polyolefin Elastomers 1.1. Introduction and Definition 1.2. Thermoplastic Polyolefin Blends 1.2.1. Morphology 1.2.2. Elastomer Component, Soft Domain 1.2.3. Plastic Component, Hard Domain 1.2.4. Compounds, Trade Names 1.2.5. Processing 1.3. Thermoplastic Vulcanizates 1.3.1. Dynamic Vulcanization 1.3.2. Production and Morphology 1.3.3. Types 1.3.4. Processing 1.3.5. Performance and Product Positioning 1.3.6. Uses 1.3.7. Commercial Products and Trade Names 2. Thermoplastic Polyurethane Elastomers 2.1. Introduction 2.2. Raw Materials 2.3. Production 2.4. Properties 2.5. Processing and Use 2.6. Economic Aspects 2.7. Toxicology and Occupational Health 3. Thermoplastic Copolyester Elastomers 3.1. Introduction 3.2. Raw Materials 3.3. Production 3.4. Microstructure and Composition of Segments 3.4.1. Short‐Chain Ester Units (Hard Segments) 3.4.2. Long‐Chain Polyether Soft Segments 3.4.3. Hydrocarbon Soft Segments 3.4.4. Polyester Soft Segments 3.5. Properties 3.6. Blends 3.7. Uses 3.8. Producers, Trade Names 4. Thermoplastic Polyamide Elastomers 4.1. Introduction 4.2. Raw Materials 4.2.1. Oligoamide Unit 4.2.2. Polyether Units 4.3. Manufacture of Block Polyetheramides 4.3.1. Polyetherester Amides 4.3.2. Synthesis of Polyetheramides 4.4. Physical and Chemical Properties 4.4.1. Block Variations 4.4.2. Morphology 4.4.3. Outstanding Properties 4.4.4. Chemical Resistance 4.4.5. Processing 4.5. Uses 4.6. Trade Names 5. Styrenic Block Copolymers 5.1. Introduction 5.2. Synthesis 5.3. Properties 5.4. Uses 5.4.1. Adhesives, Sealants, and Coatings 5.4.2. Modification of Bitumen 5.4.3. Compounded Products 5.4.4. Modification of Plastics

Techno-economic assessment of CO2-containing polyurethane rubbers

“…The PECU process is divided into two significant process steps: 5 Reactive extrusion: For the PECU formation process, public statements are "reactive extrusion" [11] and "standard TPU plant" [12]; however, no specific information is published. Most thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) production processes are carried out in solvent-free systems and apply either one-shot operation or reactive extrusion [32]. A single but potentially rather complex reactive extrusion step is assumed for the PECU formation.…”

The effect of polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxanes (POSSs) incorporation in ethylene-propylene-diene-terpolymer (EPDM): a thermal study

“…The M is for elastomers having a saturated chain of the polyethylene type [1]. Historically the importance of EPDM is related to their ability in crosslinking via sulfur vulcanization, thus replacing ethylene propylene rubber (EPR), that contains no diene units and can only be crosslinked using radical methods such as peroxides [2]. During the gold age of the petrochemical industry, around the '80 s, EPDM reached the production of 279,000 metric tons, that means about 6% of the total synthetic rubber production with a higher growth rate than the other ones [3].…”