The article contains sections titled: 1. Introduction 2. Basic Reactions 3. Starting Materials 3.1. Polyisocyanates 3.1.1. Aromatic Polyisocyanates 3.1.2. Aliphatic Polyisocyanates 3.1.3. Blocked Isocyanates 3.2. Polyols 3.2.1. Polyether Polyols 3.2.2. Polyester Polyols 3.2.3. Polycarbonate Polyols 3.2.4. Other Polyols 3.3. Diamines and Amino‐Terminated Polyethers 3.4. Special Building Blocks 3.5. Catalysts and Additives 4. Structure and Morphology 4.1. Polyurethanes Without Segmented Structure 4.2. Polyurethanes with Segmented Structure 4.2.1. Hard and Soft Segments 4.2.2. Segregation and Morphology 4.3. Cross‐linking of Polyurethane 4.4. Polyisocyanurates 5. Production of Polyurethanes 5.1. Stoichiometry 5.2. Reaction without Solvents 5.2.1. One‐Shot Process 5.2.2. Prepolymer Processes 5.3. Reaction in Solvents 5.3.1. One‐Component Systems 5.3.2. Two‐Component Systems 5.4. Reactive One‐Pack Systems 5.5. Other Processes 6. Processing of Polyurethanes 6.1. Supply, Storage, and Preparation of Raw Materials 6.2. Metering and Mixing Technology 6.3. Processing Plants 7. Foams 7.1. Flexible Foams 7.1.1. Flexible Slabstock Foam 7.1.1.1. Raw Materials 7.1.1.2. Production 7.1.1.3. Properties 7.1.1.4. Trimming and Processing 7.1.1.5. Applications 7.1.2. Molded Flexible Foam 7.1.2.1. Production 7.1.2.2. Molding Process 7.1.2.3. Properties 7.1.2.4. Applications 7.2. Semirigid Foams 7.2.1. Applications 7.2.2. Production 7.2.3. Properties 7.3. Rigid Foams 7.3.1. Raw Materials 7.3.2. Processing 7.3.3. Properties 7.3.4. Special Types 7.4. Integral Skin Foams and RIM Materials 7.4.1. Applications 7.4.2. Production 7.4.3. Properties 8. Noncellular Polyurethanes 8.1. Cast Elastomers 8.1.1. Applications 8.1.2. Production 8.1.3. Properties 8.2. Thermoplastic Polyurethane Elastomers (TPU) 9. Polyurethane Coatings 10. Polyurethane Adhesives 11. Polyurethane Fibers 12. Polyurethanes and Isocyanates as Binders 13. Special Products 14. Safety and Ecology 14.1. Safety Precautions when Handling the Raw Materials 14.2. Emissions, Accidental Release, and Waste Disposal 14.3. Recycling/Recovery of Polyurethanes 14.4. Fire Performance of Polyurethanes 15. Economic Aspects

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The article contains sections titled: 1. Thermoplastic Polyolefin Elastomers 1.1. Introduction and Definition 1.2. Thermoplastic Polyolefin Blends 1.2.1. Morphology 1.2.2. Elastomer Component, Soft Domain 1.2.3. Plastic Component, Hard Domain 1.2.4. Compounds, Trade Names 1.2.5. Processing 1.3. Thermoplastic Vulcanizates 1.3.1. Dynamic Vulcanization 1.3.2. Production and Morphology 1.3.3. Types 1.3.4. Processing 1.3.5. Performance and Product Positioning 1.3.6. Uses 1.3.7. Commercial Products and Trade Names 2. Thermoplastic Polyurethane Elastomers 2.1. Introduction 2.2. Raw Materials 2.3. Production 2.4. Properties 2.5. Processing and Use 2.6. Economic Aspects 2.7. Toxicology and Occupational Health 3. Thermoplastic Copolyester Elastomers 3.1. Introduction 3.2. Raw Materials 3.3. Production 3.4. Microstructure and Composition of Segments 3.4.1. Short‐Chain Ester Units (Hard Segments) 3.4.2. Long‐Chain Polyether Soft Segments 3.4.3. Hydrocarbon Soft Segments 3.4.4. Polyester Soft Segments 3.5. Properties 3.6. Blends 3.7. Uses 3.8. Producers, Trade Names 4. Thermoplastic Polyamide Elastomers 4.1. Introduction 4.2. Raw Materials 4.2.1. Oligoamide Unit 4.2.2. Polyether Units 4.3. Manufacture of Block Polyetheramides 4.3.1. Polyetherester Amides 4.3.2. Synthesis of Polyetheramides 4.4. Physical and Chemical Properties 4.4.1. Block Variations 4.4.2. Morphology 4.4.3. Outstanding Properties 4.4.4. Chemical Resistance 4.4.5. Processing 4.5. Uses 4.6. Trade Names 5. Styrenic Block Copolymers 5.1. Introduction 5.2. Synthesis 5.3. Properties 5.4. Uses 5.4.1. Adhesives, Sealants, and Coatings 5.4.2. Modification of Bitumen 5.4.3. Compounded Products 5.4.4. Modification of Plastics