Thermoplastic moulding of Wood-Polymer Composites (WPC): A review on physical and mechanical behaviour under hot-pressing technique

Friedrich, Daniel

doi:10.1016/j.compstruct.2021.113649

Cited by 65 publications

(38 citation statements)

References 55 publications

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“…WPCs are materials composed of a polymeric matrix and shredded wood, which act as a filler. The most commonly used materials for matrices are thermoplastics such as polyethylene (low and high density), polypropylene, poly (vinyl chloride), or polyurethane (Roig 2018;Friedrich 2021). Moreover, various forms of wood such as splinters, shavings, wood chips, fibers, and wood flour, can be used as the dispersed phase.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synthesis and characterization of biopolyols through biomass liquefaction of wood shavings and their application in the preparation of polyurethane wood composites

2021

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The sustainability of production systems in wood processing, wood industry, and wooden waste disposal is an important issue for European industry and society. Proper development of products based on renewable wood resources gives an opportunity to provide materials with long-term environmental, social, and economic sustainability. This study aims to establish a new way of forestry and agricultural waste materials utilization by synthesis of bio-based polyols and manufacturing of polyurethane wood composites (PU-WC). The first part of this paper describes the liquefaction of wood shavings at a temperature of 150 °C for 6 h in three different solvents—glycerol, poly (ethylene glycol) and their mixture in a 1:1 ratio. The second part deals with the synthesis of polyurethane (PU) resins containing 90% of biopolyol. Eight sets of materials with different NCO:OH ratios were obtained in a one-step method using a hydraulic press. These materials were characterized, and the material with the most promising properties was selected for polyurethane wood composites production. Composites with 40%, 50%, 60%, and 70% of wood shavings were obtained. The addition of filler caused an increase in flexural strength, Young`s modulus, hardness, and impact strength. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) showed good adhesion between the polymer and the filler. The optimum filler content is between 50 and 60% by weight of the composite. The presented study provides a significant step toward a greener alternative for materials produced mainly from non-renewable resources.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synthesis and characterization of biopolyols through biomass liquefaction of wood shavings and their application in the preparation of polyurethane wood composites

2021

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“…However, the use of the extrusion process is quite limited for large-sized particles due to its high machinery costs [ 43 ], and multi-dimensional products can only be prepared by injection molding [ 44 , 45 ]. To overcome these problems, the concept of bonding wood particles with the use of thermoplastics by the hot-pressing technique has been developed (as shown in Figure 3 ) [ 46 , 47 , 48 , 49 , 50 ]. Panels prepared by this method are called wood–plastic particleboard.…”

Section: Processing Technology Of Thermoplastic-bonded Wood-based Panelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Research Progress of Wood-Based Panels Made of Thermoplastics as Wood Adhesives

Zhang

Fang

2021

Polymers

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When thermoplastic resins such as polyethylene (PE) and polypropylene (PP) are selected as wood adhesives to bond wood particles (fibers, chips, veneers) by using the hot-pressing technique, the formaldehyde emission issue that has long existed in the wood-based panel industry can be effectively solved. In this study, in general, thermoplastic-bonded wood-based panels presented relatively higher mechanical properties and better water resistance and machinability than the conventional urea–formaldehyde resin-bonded wood-based panels. However, the bonding structure of the wood and thermoplastic materials was unstable at high temperatures. Compared with the wood–plastic composites manufactured by the extruding or injection molding methods, thermoplastic-bonded wood-based panels have the advantages of larger size, a wider raw material range and higher production efficiency. The processing technology, bonding mechanism and the performance of thermoplastic-bonded wood-based panels are comprehensively summarized and reviewed in this paper. Meanwhile, the existing problems of this new kind of panel and their future development trends are also highlighted, which can provide the wood industry with foundations and guidelines for using thermoplastics as environmentally friendly adhesives and effectively solving indoor pollution problems.

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“…The platen temperature was held constant in all cases at 160 • C. To study the influence of HDPE content in the mat on heat transfer, HDPE content values were changed while holding the target panel density and the moisture content of the panel constant at the values shown in Table 2. In order to precisely place the thermocouple (J type, EXTT-J-24-500, Omega, Norwalk, CT, USA) into the mat during hot-pressing, the OFPC fabrication method was modified from our previous study [1,2]. Sorghum fiber at a target moisture content level (as shown in Table 2) was evenly divided into four portions; each portion was formed by orienting the fibers with respect to the longitudinal axis, and pre-pressed at 35 MPa at room temperature for 4 min to obtain a layer of oriented sorghum fiber.…”

Section: Experimental Evaluation Of Heat Transfermentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Natural fibers reinforced thermoplastic composites have been commercially developed to take advantage of the low cost and high strength and stiffness of natural fibers to reinforce the matrix. In addition, these composites save petrochemical polymers and are almost climate-neutral as natural fibers absorb exactly the amount of harmful greenhouse gases from the atmosphere during their growth [1]. Hot-pressing or compression molding between two heated platens is commonly used to fabricate natural fiber composite panels because it can be used to produce final products with higher fiber loading and large size fibers/fiber bundles compared with extrusion and injection moulding.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Heat Transfer Modeling of Oriented Sorghum Fibers Reinforced High-Density Polyethylene Film Composites during Hot-Pressing

Wang

Yadama

2021

Polymers

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A one-dimensional heat transfer model was developed to simulate the heat transfer of oriented natural fiber reinforced thermoplastic composites during hot-pressing and provide guidance for determining appropriate hot-pressing parameters. The apparent heat capacity of thermoplastics due to the heat of fusion was included in the model, and the model was experimentally verified by monitoring the internal temperature during the hot-pressing process of oriented sorghum fiber reinforced high-density polyethylene (HDPE) film composites (OFPCs). The results showed that the apparent heat capacity of HDPE accurately described its heat fusion of melting and simplified the governing energy equations. The data predicted by the model were consistent with the experimental data. The thermal conduction efficiency increased with the mat density and HDPE content during hot-pressing, and a higher mat density resulted in a higher mat core temperature. The addition of HDPE delayed heat transfer, and the mat had a lower core temperature at a higher HDPE content after reaching the melting temperature of HDPE. Both the experimental and simulated data suggested that a higher temperature and/or a longer duration during the hot-pressing process should be used to fabricate OFPC as the HDPE content increases.

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Thermoplastic moulding of Wood-Polymer Composites (WPC): A review on physical and mechanical behaviour under hot-pressing technique

Cited by 65 publications

References 55 publications

Synthesis and characterization of biopolyols through biomass liquefaction of wood shavings and their application in the preparation of polyurethane wood composites

Synthesis and characterization of biopolyols through biomass liquefaction of wood shavings and their application in the preparation of polyurethane wood composites

Research Progress of Wood-Based Panels Made of Thermoplastics as Wood Adhesives

Heat Transfer Modeling of Oriented Sorghum Fibers Reinforced High-Density Polyethylene Film Composites during Hot-Pressing

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