Thiamethoxam induces transgenerational hormesis effects and alteration of genes expression in Aphis gossypii

BACKGROUND: Aphis gossypii, a polyphagous and recurrent pest induced by pesticides, causes tremendous loss crop yields each year. Previous studies on the mechanism of pesticide-induced sublethal effects mainly focus on the gene level. The symbiotic bacteria are also important participants of this mechanism, but their roles in hormesis are still unclear.RESULTS: In this study, life table parameters and 16S rRNA sequencing were applied to evaluate the sublethal and transgenerational effects of sulfoxaflor on adult A. gossypii after 24-h LC 20 (6.96 mg L −1 ) concentration exposure. The results indicated that the LC 20 of sulfoxaflor significantly reduced the finite rate of increase (⊗) and net reproductive rate (R 0 ) of parent generation (G0), and significantly increased mean generation time (T) of G1 and G2, but not of G3 and G4. Both reproductive period and fecundity of G1 and G2 were significantly higher than those of the control. Furthermore, our sequencing data revealed that more than 95% bacterial communities were dominated by the phylum Proteobacteria, in which the maximum proportion genus was the primary symbiont Buchnera and the facultative symbiont Arsenophonus. Compared to those of the control, the abundance and composition of symbiotic bacteria of A. gossypii for three successive generations (G0-G2) were changed after G0 A. gossypii was exposed to sulfoxaflor: the diversity of the bacterial community was decreased, but the abundance of Buchnera was increased (G0), while the abundance of Arsenophonus was decreased. Contrary to G0, G1 and G2 cotton aphid exhibited an increased relative abundance of Arsenophonus in the sublethal treatment group. CONCLUSION: Taken together, our results provide an insight into the interactions among pesticide resistance, aphids, and symbionts, which will eventually help to better manage the resurgence of A. gossypii.

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Evaluation of sublethal and transgenerational effects of sulfoxaflor on Aphis gossypii via life table parameters and 16S rRNA sequencing

Yao

Zhu

et al. 2021

ZnO nanoparticles produced in the culture supernatant of Bacillus thuringiensis ser. israelensis affect the demographic parameters of Musca domestica using the age‐stage, two‐sex life table

Iqbal¹,

Fatima²,

Khan³

2022

BACKGROUND Indiscriminate use of broad‐spectrum insecticides can have deleterious effects on insects and the environment. The use of nanoparticles synthesized from microbes has recently gained importance as a safe alternative to conventional insecticides. Recently, zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles synthesized using Bacillus thuringiensis have shown insecticidal potential; however, in addition to its acute toxicity, it is necessary to determine possible sublethal effects at the organismal level to understand the toxicity of a new insecticide. Bt‐derived enzymes such as nitrate reductase and other biomolecules play a vital role in the reduction of metal ions to metal nanoparticles. Here, we assessed the acute toxicity and sublethal effects of ZnO nanoparticles produced in the culture supernatant of B. thuringiensis ser. israelensis (Bti) as a reducing agent on the biological traits of Musca domestica. RESULTS Concentration–response larval bioassays using different concentrations of ZnO‐Bti‐supernatant nanoparticles revealed LC10, LC20, LC50 and LC90 values of 4.17, 6.11, 12.73 and 38.90 μg g−1 of larval diet, respectively. Exposure of M. domestica larvae to two concentrations (LC10 and LC20) resulted in a lengthened developmental time (egg to adult) and preoviposition period, and reduced fecundity, survival, longevity and oviposition period. Furthermore, population parameters including net reproductive rate, mean generation time, age‐specific survival rate, fecundity, life expectancy and reproductive values, analyzed following age‐stage and two‐sex life table theory, were significantly decreased after exposure to these concentrations of ZnO‐Bti‐supernatant nanoparticles compared with the control. CONCLUSION ZnO‐Bti‐supernatant nanoparticles were shown to be toxic to M. domestica. Exposure of M. domestica to low concentrations of ZnO‐Bti‐supernatant nanoparticles resulted in negative transgenerational effects on progeny production in this fly. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.

Sublethal and transgenerational effects of pyridaben exposure on the fitness and gene expression of Panonychus citri

Deng

Xia

Luo

et al. 2023

BACKGROUND Panonychus citri is a globally dominant citrus plant pest mite. Pesticide‐induced population resurgence is a concern for mite control. Exposure to sublethal concentrations of pesticides has stimulated reproduction and outbreak risks in many pests. Pyridaben, a mitochondrial electron transport inhibitor, has been frequently used worldwide in mite control. In the study, sublethal and transgenerational effects of pyridaben exposure on Pyr_Rs (resistant) and Pyr_Control (susceptible) strains were systematically investigated in both exposed parental generation (F0) and unexposed offspring generations (F1 and F2) by evaluating life‐table and physiological parameters. RESULTS After exposure to pyridaben, the fecundity of both strains was significantly reduced in F0 generation while significantly induced in F1 generation. Interestingly, these effects also stimulated the fecundity of the F2 generation in Pyr_Control strain while no significant effects occurred for Pyr_Rs strain. The intrinsic rate of increase (r) and finite rate of increase (λ) were significantly decreased only in F1 generation of Pyr_Control strain after exposure treatment. Meanwhile, the population projection indicated a smaller population size in F1 generation of Pyr_Control strain while a population increase for Pyr_Rs strain after sublethal treatment. Subsequent detoxification enzyme assays indicated that only P450 activities in F0 generation were significantly activated by LC30 exposure to pyridaben in both strains. Significant downregulation of reproduction‐related (Pc_Vg) genes was observed in the F0 generations of both strains. Significant upregulation of P450 (CYP4CL2) and Pc_Vg of the F1 generation in both strains suggested the presence of delayed hormesis effects on the reproduction and developed tolerance to pyridaben, although the effects did not last over a longer period (F2 generation). CONCLUSION These results provide evidence for transgenerational hormesis effects of low concentrations of pyridaben exposure that may lead to population increase and resurgence risks of resistant‐mites in natural settings by stimulating reproduction. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.