Thiamine deficiency in tachypnoeic Cambodian infants

Keating, Elizabeth M.; Nget, Phot; Kea, Sreng; Suy, Kuong; Daly, Leng; Phearom, Seng; Enders, Felicity; Cheryk, Lynn A.; Topazian, Mark D.; Fischer, Philip R.; Kumar, Varun

doi:10.1080/20469047.2015.1109226

Cited by 21 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…Consuming less than recommended daily dose of vitamin B1 (0.2 to 1.5 mg in infants to adults) results in beriberi/Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome (Joint FAO/WHO Expert Consultation, 2004 ) (Supplementary Table 1 ). Women develop symptoms of edema and paresthesia whereas infants show acute cardiac failure, gastrointestinal symptoms and lactic acidosis, resulting in increased mortality (Keating et al, 2014 ; Moulin et al, 2014 ; Porter et al, 2014 ; Barennes et al, 2015 ). Limited information is available on prevalence of thiamine deficiency worldwide.…”

Section: Mini-reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pathway Editing Targets for Thiamine Biofortification in Rice Grains

2018

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Thiamine deficiency is common in populations consuming polished rice as a major source of carbohydrates. Thiamine is required to synthesize thiamine pyrophosphate (TPP), an essential cofactor of enzymes of central metabolism. Its biosynthesis pathway has been partially elucidated and the effect of overexpression of a few genes such as thi1 and thiC, on thiamine accumulation in rice has been reported. Based on current knowledge, this review focuses on the potential of gene editing in metabolic engineering of thiamine biosynthesis pathway to improve thiamine in rice grains. Candidate genes, suitable for modification of the structural part to evolve more efficient versions of enzymes in the pathway, are discussed. For example, adjacent cysteine residues may be introduced in the catalytic domain of thi4 to improve the turn over activity of thiamine thiazole synthase 2. Motif specific editing to modify promoter regulatory regions of genes is discussed to modulate gene expression. Editing cis acting regulatory elements in promoter region can shift the expression of transporters and thiamine binding proteins to endosperm. This can enhance dietary availability of thiamine from rice grains. Differential transcriptomics on rice varieties with contrasting grain thiamine and functional genomic studies will identify more strategic targets for editing in future. Developing functionally enhanced foods by biofortification is a sustainable approach to make diets wholesome.

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Section: Mini-reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pathway Editing Targets for Thiamine Biofortification in Rice Grains

2018

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“…Thiamine deficiency global prevalence is poorly documented. It principally affects precarious communities where children are most vulnerable and where dietary habits rely on refined processed cereals or tubers (e.g., rice, wheat, cassava), notably in Southeast Asia ( 5 , 6 , 10 , 61 – 64 ), Africa ( 65 – 67 ) and, the Americas ( 68 ). These reports on TD prevalence vary from 13.4% of children admitted to hospital without signs of beriberi in Laos, 30% of Laotian children with uncomplicated malaria, 40% of severely malnourished children from Jamaica and Ghana, and up to 100% of children with respiratory distress and tachycardia in one Indian study.…”

Section: Conditions and Risk Factors Leading To Td In Tropical Pediatmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In this acute infantile form, TD results from a low thiamine content in breast milk among deficient, but mostly asymptomatic, mothers. Lactic acidosis may result in generalized symptoms, such as lethargy, irritability, anorexia, tachycardia, and tachypnea ( 64 , 89 ). These clinical manifestations are probably secondary to dysfunction of mitochondrial energetics in the heart and smooth muscle (particularly the gastrointestinal tract), and an autonomic nervous system insult ( 6 , 42 , 43 , 90 ).…”

Section: Syndromes Of Td In Childrenmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thiamine Deficiency in Tropical Pediatrics: New Insights into a Neglected but Vital Metabolic Challenge

Hiffler¹,

Rakotoambinina

Lafferty

et al. 2016

Front. Nutr.

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In humans, thiamine is a micronutrient prone to depletion that may result in severe clinical abnormalities. This narrative review summarizes current knowledge on thiamine deficiency (TD) and bridges the gap between pathophysiology and clinical presentation by integrating thiamine metabolism at subcellular level with its function to vital organs. The broad clinical spectrum of TD is outlined, with emphasis on conditions encountered in tropical pediatric practice. In particular, TD is associated with type B lactic acidosis and classic forms of beriberi in children, but it is often unrecognized. Other severe acute conditions are associated with hypermetabolism, inducing a functional TD. The crucial role of thiamine in infant cognitive development is also highlighted in this review, along with analysis of the potential impact of TD in refeeding syndrome during severe acute malnutrition (SAM). This review aims to increase clinical awareness of TD in tropical settings where access to diagnostic tests is poor, and advocates for an early therapeutic thiamine challenge in resource-limited settings. Moreover, it provides evidence for thiamine as treatment in critical conditions requiring metabolic resuscitation, and gives rationale to the consideration of increased thiamine supplementation in therapeutic foods for malnourished children.

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“…Thiamine deficiency principally affects precarious communities, where children are most vulnerable and where dietary habits rely on refined processed cereals or tubers, such as rice, wheat, and cassava, notably in Southeast Asia, [6][7][8][9][10][11][12] Africa, 2,13,14 and the Americas. 3 The reports on thiamine deficiency prevalence vary from 13.4% of children admitted to hospital without signs of beriberi in Laos to 30% of Laotian children with uncomplicated malaria and 40% of severely malnourished children from Jamaica and Ghana.…”

Section: Conditions and Risk Factors Leading To Thiamine Deficiency Imentioning

confidence: 99%

Thiamine content of F‐75 therapeutic milk for complicated severe acute malnutrition: time for a change?

Hiffler¹,

Adamolekun

Fischer

et al. 2017

Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences

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Since community-based management of severe acute malnutrition has become the standard of care, the clinical profile of severe acutely malnourished patients admitted to hospitals or inpatient therapeutic feeding centers has changed significantly. These patients are usually very ill and often present with several comorbidities, such as shock, sepsis, and pneumonia. Complicated severe acute malnutrition patients are at risk of thiamine insufficiency, and critically ill patients have higher thiamine requirements. The thiamine content of F-75, the therapeutic milk formula used in the early stabilization phase of refeeding in patients with severe acute malnutrition, seems insufficient. Here, we discuss the need and rationale for a substantial increase in the thiamine content of F-75.

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Thiamine deficiency in tachypnoeic Cambodian infants

Cited by 21 publications

References 24 publications

Pathway Editing Targets for Thiamine Biofortification in Rice Grains

Pathway Editing Targets for Thiamine Biofortification in Rice Grains

Thiamine Deficiency in Tropical Pediatrics: New Insights into a Neglected but Vital Metabolic Challenge

Thiamine content of F‐75 therapeutic milk for complicated severe acute malnutrition: time for a change?

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