Thickness of the Stifle Joint Articular Cartilage in Different Large Animal Models of Cartilage Repair and Regeneration

Ruediger, Tina; Horbert, Victoria; Reuther, Anne U.; Kalla, Pavan Kumar; Burgkart, Rainer; Walther, Mario; Kinne, Raimund W.; Mika, Joerg

doi:10.1177/1947603520976763

Cited by 10 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 53 publications

(112 reference statements)

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“…The porcine model plays a vital role in the present study, which is closer to the human clinical situation than other animal models [ 39 ]. First, the porcine knee joint exhibits thicker articular cartilage, permitting investigation of both full-thickness cartilage defects and osteochondral defects [ 40 ]. Second, pigs maintain a large weight and size, which promote an analogous bearing load and biomechanics in contrast to humans [ 41 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A novel allogeneic acellular matrix scaffold for porcine cartilage regeneration

Jiang,

Lu,

et al. 2023

BMC Biotechnol

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Background Cartilage defects are common sports injuries without significant treatment. Articular cartilage with inferior regenerative potential resulted in the poor formation of hyaline cartilage in defects. Acellular matrix scaffolds provide a microenvironment and biochemical properties similar to those of native tissues and are widely used for tissue regeneration. Therefore, we aimed to design a novel acellular cartilage matrix scaffold (ACS) for cartilage regeneration and hyaline-like cartilage formation. Methods Four types of cartilage injury models, including full-thickness cartilage defects (6.5 and 8.5 mm in diameter and 2.5 mm in depth) and osteochondral defects (6.5 and 8.5 mm in diameter and 5 mm in depth), were constructed in the trochlear groove of the right femurs of pigs (n = 32, female, 25–40 kg). The pigs were divided into 8 groups (4 in each group) based on post-surgery treatment differences. was assessed by macroscopic appearance, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), micro–computed tomography (micro-CT), and histologic and immunohistochemistry tests. Results At 6 months, the ACS-implanted group exhibited better defect filling and a greater number of chondrocyte-like cells in the defect area than the blank groups. MRI and micro-CT imaging evaluations revealed that ACS implantation was an effective treatment for cartilage regeneration. The immunohistochemistry results suggested that more hyaline-like cartilage was generated in the defects of the ACS-implanted group. Conclusions ACS implantation promoted cartilage repair in full-thickness cartilage defects and osteochondral defects with increased hyaline-like cartilage formation at the 6-month follow-up.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A novel allogeneic acellular matrix scaffold for porcine cartilage regeneration

Jiang,

Lu,

et al. 2023

BMC Biotechnol

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“…Furthermore, the cartilage thickness is different regarding implantation site. Medial femoral condyle has the thicker cartilage (1096 µm) compared to cartilage of trochlea (up to 780 µm) [ 46 ]. These results correspond with our measures, when average thickness of trochlear intact cartilage was 758 µm.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

PHB/CHIT Scaffold as a Promising Biopolymer in the Treatment of Osteochondral Defects—An Experimental Animal Study

Petrovová

Tomco²,

Holovská

et al. 2021

Polymers

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Biopolymer composites allow the creation of an optimal environment for the regeneration of chondral and osteochondral defects of articular cartilage, where natural regeneration potential is limited. In this experimental study, we used the sheep animal model for the creation of knee cartilage defects. In the medial part of the trochlea and on the medial condyle of the femur, we created artificial defects (6 × 3 mm2) with microfractures. In four experimental sheep, both defects were subsequently filled with the porous acellular polyhydroxybutyrate/chitosan (PHB/CHIT)-based implant. Two sheep had untreated defects. We evaluated the quality of the newly formed tissue in the femoral trochlea defect site using imaging (X-ray, Computer Tomography (CT), Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)), macroscopic, and histological methods. Macroscopically, the surface of the treated regenerate corresponded to the niveau of the surrounding cartilage. X-ray examination 6 months after the implantation confirmed the restoration of the contour in the subchondral calcified layer and the advanced rate of bone tissue integration. The CT scan revealed a low regenerative potential in the bone zone of the defect compared to the cartilage zone. The percentage change in cartilage density at the defect site was not significantly different to the reference area (0.06–6.4%). MRI examination revealed that the healing osteochondral defect was comparable to the intact cartilage signal on the surface of the defect. Hyaline-like cartilage was observed in most of the treated animals, except for one, where the defect was repaired with fibrocartilage. Thus, the acellular, chitosan-based biomaterial is a promising biopolymer composite for the treatment of chondral and osteochondral defects of traumatic character. It has potential for further clinical testing in the orthopedic field, primarily with the combination of supporting factors.

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“…Focal experimental cartilage or OC defects for the evaluation of new implants are preferably created on the MFC, lateral femoral condyle (LFC), or trochlea of the stifle joint. Based on high cartilage thickness and easy surgical access, the center of the MFC in sheep appears to be the most attractive site to place defects ( [43]; and references therein). Therefore, the majority of the in vivo studies in sheep have used the MFC, either alone or combined with other implant sites ( [43]).…”

Section: Comparison With Published Modelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In contrast, the cartilage thickness on the LFC is consistently lower than on the MFC, theoretically making it a less attractive defect site [43]. Indeed, it has been used less frequently than the MFC for cartilage repair studies, possibly also because the tendon of the musculus extensor digitorum longus covers the whole LFC in a ventral-dorsal direction ( [43]; and references therein).…”

Section: Comparison With Published Modelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The cartilage thickness on the trochlea is also considerably lower than that on the MFC and LFC. However, the femoral trochlea has been frequently applied for cartilage defect studies in sheep, goat, and mini-pig [43], possibly due to its large surface area, which allows the generation of multiple chondral or osteochondral defects or different implant fixation techniques [43].…”

Section: Comparison With Published Modelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Systematic Postoperative Assessment of a Minimally-Invasive Sheep Model for the Treatment of Osteochondral Defects

Xin

Mika

Horbert

et al. 2020

Life

Self Cite

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To assess the clinical course of a sheep stifle joint model for osteochondral (OC) defects, medial femoral condyles (MFC) were exposed without patella luxation using medial parapatellar skin (3–4 cm) and deep incisions (2–3 cm). Two defects (7 mm diameter; 10 mm depth; OC punch) were left empty or refilled with osteochondral autologous transplantation cylinders (OATS) and explanted after six weeks. Incision-to-suture time, anesthesia time, and postoperative wound or impairment scores were compared to those in sham-operated animals. Implant performance was assessed by X-ray, micro-computed tomography, histology, and immunohistology (collagens 1, 2; aggrecan). There were no surgery-related infections or patellar luxations. Operation, anesthesia, and time to complete stand were short (0.5, 1.4, and 1.5 h, respectively). The wound trauma score was low (0.4 of maximally 4; day 7). Empty-defect and OATS animals reached an impairment score of 0 significantly later than sham animals (7.4 and 4.0 days, respectively, versus 1.5 days). Empty defects showed incomplete healing and dedifferentiation/heterotopic differentiation; OATS-filled defects displayed advanced bone healing with remaining cartilage gaps and orthotopic expression of bone and cartilage markers. Minimally-invasive, medial parapatellar surgery of OC defects on the sheep MFC allows rapid and low-trauma recovery and appears well-suited for implant testing.

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Thickness of the Stifle Joint Articular Cartilage in Different Large Animal Models of Cartilage Repair and Regeneration

Cited by 10 publications

References 53 publications

A novel allogeneic acellular matrix scaffold for porcine cartilage regeneration

A novel allogeneic acellular matrix scaffold for porcine cartilage regeneration

PHB/CHIT Scaffold as a Promising Biopolymer in the Treatment of Osteochondral Defects—An Experimental Animal Study

Systematic Postoperative Assessment of a Minimally-Invasive Sheep Model for the Treatment of Osteochondral Defects

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