Thin film coating technologies of (Ce,Gd)O2-δ interlayers for application in ceramic high-temperature fuel cells

Uhlenbruck, Sven; Jordan, Norbert; Sebold, Doris; Buchkremer, Hans Peter; Haanappel, V.A.C.; Stöver, D.

doi:10.1016/j.tsf.2006.10.127

Cited by 115 publications

(114 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…Several studies have showed the capability of CGO as a barrier for Sr diffusion. [16][17][18][19][20] Traditionally, SOFC electrodes have been produced by spraying, tape casting, or screen printing techniques followed by high temperature sintering above 1200 °C. However, at these temperatures CGO and YSZ form a solid solution which has a significantly lower oxide ion conductivity compared to both of the pure compounds.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[21][22][23] An alternative way to fabricate CGO barriers are by physical vapor deposition techniques such as magnetron sputtering, pulsed laser ablation, and electron beam evaporation. [16,20,24] Studies comparing deposition techniques have provided evidence that CGO barrier layers fabricated by reactive magnetron sputtering show better performance. [16,25] This may be associated with higher density of such layers reached at lower temperatures than by wet ceramic deposition techniques.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[16,25] This may be associated with higher density of such layers reached at lower temperatures than by wet ceramic deposition techniques. [16,20,21,25] The effectiveness of the sputter deposited CGO as barrier is closely related to the microstructure and density of the film which can be controlled by tuning the deposition parameters such as deposition temperature and substrate bias voltage. [26] As these studies have shown, it is of great scientific interest to understand the Sr diffusion mechanism in order to tailor the microstructure of the barrier layer in such a way that Sr diffusion may be prevented and the improvements possible by using Fe-Co perovskite based cathodes can be fully utilized.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Strontium Diffusion in Magnetron Sputtered Gadolinia‐Doped Ceria Thin Film Barrier Coatings for Solid Oxide Fuel Cells

Sønderby

Popa

et al. 2013

Advanced Energy Materials

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is prepared to simulate a solid oxide fuel cell. This setup allows observation of Sr diffusion by observing SrZrO 3 formation using X-ray diffraction while annealing. Subsequent electron microscopy confirms the results. This approach presents a simple method for assessing the quality of CGO barriers without the need for a complete fuel cell test setup. CGO films with thicknesses ranging from 250 nm to 1.2 µm are tested at temperatures from 850 °C to 950 °C which yields an in-depth understanding of Sr diffusion through CGO thin films that may be of high scientific and technical interest for implementation of novel fuel cell materials. Sr is found to diffuse along column/grain boundaries in the CGO films but by modifying the film thickness and microstructure the breaking temperature of the barrier can be increased.2 2

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Strontium Diffusion in Magnetron Sputtered Gadolinia‐Doped Ceria Thin Film Barrier Coatings for Solid Oxide Fuel Cells

Sønderby

Popa

et al. 2013

Advanced Energy Materials

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“…22 It was shown that by modifying GDC film thickness and microstructure the reacting temperature of Sr with GDC barrier layer can be increased, thus, the formation of SrZrO 3 can be suppressed. [22][23][24][25][26][27] It should be noted that at sintering temperature of T ≥ 1200…”

Section: Commercial Application Of Solid Oxide Fuel Cells (Sofc)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Mobility of Sr in Gadolinia Doped Ceria Barrier Layers Prepared Using Spray Pyrolysis, Pulsed Laser Deposition and Magnetron Sputtering Methods

Nurk

Vestli

Möller

et al. 2015

J. Electrochem. Soc.

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Gadolinia doped ceria Ce 0.9 Gd 0.1 O 2-δ (GDC) barrier layer was deposited onto YSZ electrolyte and Ni-YSZ|YSZ electrolyte half-cell using pulsed laser deposition (PLD), magnetron sputtering (MS) or spray pyrolysis (SP) methods. The first set of GDC barrier layers was studied without additional sintering and the second set was additionally sintered for 3 h at 1300 • C. Sr mobility initiated by thermal treatment of La 0.6 Sr 0.4 CoO 3-δ cathode at 950 • C and 1100 • C was systematically studied with the GDC layers prepared using PLD, MS and SP methods. Concentration profiles of Zr ion in GDC, Ce in YSZ, Sr in GDC and Sr in YSZ were recorded using TOF-SIMS analysis method. XRD and SEM methods were applied for the analysis of Sr mobility in the GDC layer and results were correlated with impedance, cyclic voltammetry and other electrochemical data. The influence of synthesis method and thermal treatment of the GDC layer on the Sr mobility was established. Changes in the microstructure of cathode|chemical barrier layer|electrolyte interfaces caused by the thermal treatment of the cathode as well as the GDC layer during the preparation (including sintering) steps have been demonstrated and discussed.

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“…In contrast to YSZ, CGO does not react with Sr and La from the cathode materials. This property makes CGO suitable as a diffusion barrier layer placed between the LSCF or LSC cathode and the YSZ electrolyte [39,45,46]. The ability of CGO barriers to prevent Sr diffusion is depending on layer thickness and microstructure as well as operation temperature [47].…”

Section: Cathode Materialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Yttria-Stabilized Zirconia and Gadolinia-Doped Ceria Thin Films for Fuel Cell Applications

Sønderby¹

2014

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Solid oxide fuel cells convert chemical energy directly into electrical energy with high efficiency and low emission of pollutants. However, before fuel cell technology can gain a significant share of the electrical power market, the operation temperature needs to be reduced in order to decrease costs and improve the durability of the cells. Application of thin film electrolytes and barrier coatings is a way of achieving this goal.In this thesis, I have investigated film growth and microstructure of yttriastabilized zirconia (YSZ) and gadolinia-doped ceria (CGO) thin films deposited by physical vapor deposition. The aim is to make industrially applicable coatings suitable for application in solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs). For this purpose, the coatings need to be thin and dense. YSZ coatings were prepared by pulsed direct current (DC) magnetron sputtering and high power impulse magnetron sputtering (HiPIMS) in both laboratoryand industrial-scale setups.Industrial-scale pulsed DC magnetron sputtering of YSZ showed that homogenous coating over large areas was possible. In order to increase film density of the YSZ, HiPIMS was used. By tuning deposition pressure, peak power density and substrate bias voltage it was possible to deposit noncolumnar thin films without voids and cracks as desired for SOFC applications.CGO coatings were deposited by pulsed DC magnetron sputtering with the purpose of implementing diffusion barriers to prevent reactions between Sr from the SOFC cathode and the electrolyte. A model system simulating a SOFC was prepared by depositing thin CGO and YSZ layers on cathode material. This setup allowed the study of Sr diffusion by observing SrZrO 3 formation using X-ray diffraction while annealing. Electron microscopy was subsequently performed to confirm the results. The study revealed Sr to diffuse along column/grain boundaries in the CGO films but by modifying the film thickness and microstructure the breaking temperature of the barrier could be increased.CGO thin films were implemented in metal-based SOFC and the influence of film microstructure and thickness on the electrochemical performance of the cell was studied. Cell tests showed that an area specific resistance (ASR) down to 0.27 Ωcm 2 could be obtained at 650 °C with sputtered CGO barrier layers in combination with a lanthanum strontium cobaltite cathode. In comparison a spin-coated CGO barrier resulted in an ASR value of 0.50 Ωcm 2 . This shows the high effectiveness of the sputtered barrier in obtaining state-of-the-art performance. In summary, this work provides fundamental understanding of the deposition and growth of YSZ and CGO thins films and proves the prospective of employing thin film barrier coatings in order to obtain high-performing SOFCs.i ii POPULÄRVETENSKAPLIG SAMMANFATTNING Genom historien har människan alltid strävat efter att förbättra sina levnadsvillkor genom att förbättra eller utveckla nya verktyg och material. Utvecklingen av nya material har i hög grad påverkat civilisationen uppkomst, vilket framgår av...

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Thin film coating technologies of (Ce,Gd)O2-δ interlayers for application in ceramic high-temperature fuel cells

Cited by 115 publications

References 9 publications

Strontium Diffusion in Magnetron Sputtered Gadolinia‐Doped Ceria Thin Film Barrier Coatings for Solid Oxide Fuel Cells

Strontium Diffusion in Magnetron Sputtered Gadolinia‐Doped Ceria Thin Film Barrier Coatings for Solid Oxide Fuel Cells

Mobility of Sr in Gadolinia Doped Ceria Barrier Layers Prepared Using Spray Pyrolysis, Pulsed Laser Deposition and Magnetron Sputtering Methods

Yttria-Stabilized Zirconia and Gadolinia-Doped Ceria Thin Films for Fuel Cell Applications

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