Thin-film sensing with planar terahertz metamaterials: sensitivity and limitations

O’Hara, John F.; Singh, Ranjan; Brener, Igal; Смирнова, Е. А.; Han, Jiaguang; Taylor, Antoinette J.; Zhang, Weili

doi:10.1364/oe.16.001786

Cited by 478 publications

(298 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…Considerable efforts are underway to fill this THz gap in view of the potential applications of THz radiation. Metamaterials provide various possible ways for the THz area and have obtained a great of efforts, such as THz sensors, antennas, and chiral devices [14][15][16].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Terahertz Metamaterial Modulators Based on Absorption

Zhou¹,

Ding²,

Jin³

et al. 2011

PIER

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Abstract-Metamaterial absorbers can perfectly absorb an incident wave in a narrow frequency band. In this paper, metamaterial absorbers are used to construct a terahertz modulator. By controlling the carrier density in the n-doped semiconductor spacer between a patterned metallic superstructure and a metallic ground with different applied voltage bias, the absorption varies sensitively, and the reflected wave amplitude acting as the modulated signal can be strongly modulated. Two types of modulators are investigated, one of which possesses an array of metallic crosses as the superstructure, and the other has a complementary superstructure. Compared with the former, the latter may give a better modulation performance.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Terahertz Metamaterial Modulators Based on Absorption

Zhou¹,

Ding²,

Jin³

et al. 2011

PIER

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“…The dimension of the sensing device and its radiation property are described in Section 2, and the simulation approach and results to show the strongest E-field in the sensing area are presented in Section 3. Split ring resonators (SRR) have been investigated extensively as a potential metamaterial structure with a negative refractive index [8][9][10][11]. An SRR structure with strong resonance at the THz frequency range is used as a sample material to show the effectiveness of this proposed THz sensor in Section 4.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Novel Terahertz Sensing Device Comprising of a Parabolic Reflective Surface and a Bi-Conical Structure

Cai

Li²

2009

PIER

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Abstract-A sensing device comprising of a parabolic reflective surface and a bi-conical metal structure is proposed to focus terahertz energy on sample material in the sensing zone to create a strong interaction between terahertz signals and the sample under test. The signal enhancement by the sensing device is confirmed by modeling and simulation results. The proposed sensor is applied to investigate the polarization dependency of a split ring resonator (SRR), and spectral signatures of the SRR under different incident wave polarizations are obtained.

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“…A metamaterial solid state phase modulator for terahertz radiation has also been demonstrated [5]. Metamaterials have also been studied for sensing applications, where the shift in the resonance frequency upon the application of a dielectric film over the metamaterial is exploited [6][7][8][9].The ability to control and optimize the size of the resonance frequency shift in metamaterials can offer some advantages for practical applications. It can lead to greater sensitivity for detection purposes or to greater dynamic range for applications such as filters.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

Controlling metamaterial resonances via dielectric and aspect ratio effects

Chiam

Singh

Zhang

et al. 2010

Applied Physics Letters

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We study ways to enhance the sensitivity and dynamic tuning range of the fundamental inductorcapacitor (LC) resonance in split ring resonators (SRRs) by controlling the aspect ratio of the SRRs and their substrate thickness. We conclude that both factors can significantly affect the LC resonance. We show that metafilms consisting of low height SRRs on a thin substrate are most sensitive to changes in their dielectric environment and thus show excellent potential for sensing applications.There has been intense interest in metamaterials in the past decade, and a number of intriguing effects, such as negative refraction [1], electromagnetic cloaking [2] and sub-wavelength focusing [3] have been experimentally demonstrated. More recently, much research has been focused on demonstrating metamaterials which can be used for practical applications. For example, resonance frequency agility was demonstrated in a metafilm by tuning the conductivity of a patterned silicon substrate [4]. This allows for applications such as dynamically tunable notch filters. A metamaterial solid state phase modulator for terahertz radiation has also been demonstrated [5]. Metamaterials have also been studied for sensing applications, where the shift in the resonance frequency upon the application of a dielectric film over the metamaterial is exploited [6][7][8][9].The ability to control and optimize the size of the resonance frequency shift in metamaterials can offer some advantages for practical applications. It can lead to greater sensitivity for detection purposes or to greater dynamic range for applications such as filters. Recently, there has been some interest in fabricating metamaterials on thin membranes like Silicon Nitride [10,11] and Parylene [12]. Such flexible metafilms enable layering schemes and conformal placement onto curved surfaces, thus allowing even greater potential for applications. It is also believed that such metafilms will be more sensitive. In one case, the metamaterial showed sensitivity to the presence of a single atomic layer of graphene on its surface [10]. This sensitivity results because thin substrates lower the effective permittivity of the supporting medium and allow simple transmission measurements due to lower loss. There is thus strong motivation to study how a metamaterial on thin, flexible substrate differ from those on thicker substrates.In this work, we will study the effects of the substrate thickness and aspect ratio on the properties of fundamen- * Electronic address: phybaa@nus.edu.sg tal inductor-capacitor (LC) resonance in the Split Ring Resonator (SRR). In particular, we want to establish if thinner substrates can indeed offer advantages like enhanced sensitivity compared to thick substrates. We will also study the effect of SRR aspect ratio on the resonance. In a previous work, we showed the advantage of using high aspect ratio SRRs fabricated using the Proton Beam writing technique (electron micrograph in Fig. 1(b)). We showed that on thick substrates, high aspect ratio SRRs offered incre...

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Thin-film sensing with planar terahertz metamaterials: sensitivity and limitations

Cited by 478 publications

References 28 publications

Terahertz Metamaterial Modulators Based on Absorption

Terahertz Metamaterial Modulators Based on Absorption

A Novel Terahertz Sensing Device Comprising of a Parabolic Reflective Surface and a Bi-Conical Structure

Controlling metamaterial resonances via dielectric and aspect ratio effects

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