Thin-layer differential pulse voltammetric determination of chlorpromazine in biological fluids

Abstract

The combination of a thinlayer electrochemical cell with differential puise voltam metry can be used to détermine chlorpromazine in plasma and urine. The thinlayer cell (23 AJI capacity) has a waximpregnated graphite électrode. Direct détermination of chlor promazine in urine gave a linear calibration curve for the range 4.8 X 10"'-2.4 X lO"* M with 97% recovery. No interférence from glutethimide, dextropropoxyphene, meprobam ate, diazepam, and methaqualoneHCl was detected. Direct measurement of chlorproma zine in plasma gave a linear calibration curve for the range 2.4 X 10"'-4.8 X 10"* M with 89% recovery. The procédure for plasma and urine requires only 2 min per détermination. Détection levels are below that required for monitoring therapeutic levels of chlorproma zine in urine.

Adsorptive stripping voltammetric determination of ketoconazole in pharmaceutical preparations and urine using carbon paste electrodes

“…The observed behaviour is indicative of the adsorptiveextractive accumulation of the drug on the CPE, in comparison with that on graphite, where the accumulation takes place solely by adsorption. [38][39][40] To investigate further the occurrence of adsorptive-extractive phenomena, the differential pulse voltammograms of ketoconazole were measured on the CPE after a 15 min preconcentration period, before and after extruding an outer layer of the carbon paste (Fig. 3).…”

Cyclic voltammetry

“…Cells are commercially available which require as little as 1-2 ml of solution. Thin-layer cells enable voltammograms to be recorded on down to 60 pL (8).…”

Perfluorosulfonate ionomer film coated electrodes as electrochemical sensors: fundamental investigations

“…In LSV, sensitivity is affected by essentially only one scan parameter, scan rate. In contrast, sensitivity in DPV is affected by scan rate, modulation amplitude, and clock time (25,26). As is frequently observed at the uncoated electrode (25,28), sensitivity increases with increasing modulation amplitude and decreasing scan rate.…”

“…A limited and relatively high concentration range was employed in these studies. The intent of the second type of calibration experiment (Figures 5, 6, and 8) was to evaluate the DL and LRR (25,26) of the Nafion-coated electrode. These experiments utilized the information obtained from the type-one experiments and involved much larger analyte concentration ranges.…”