Thiocyanate Effect Following Industrial Cyanide Exposure

Chronic cyanide exposure: a clinical, radioisotope, and laboratory study.

“…(1950), calculated that the maintenance dose of non-significant thiocyanate used therapeutically in hypertensive patients corresponded approximately to the daily exposure encountered in industry at the threshold limit value for hydrogen cyanide. However, apart from the two cases cited by Hardy et al (1950), cyanide industrial goitre has not been reported. At four hours 131I thyroid uptake studies showed a much higher concentration of iodine in the glands of the exposed workers than in those of the control group (p < 0-001), Table 4.…”

The interpretation of the serum protein-bound iodine: A review

“…Doses large enough to cause hypothyroidism will lead to a reduction in the serum PBI level. Propylthiouracil reduces peripheral deiodination of T4, particularly in thyrotoxicosis (Hershman, 1964;Furth, Rives, and Becker, 1966) (1952) Gabrilove, Alvarez, and Soffer (1958) Notter (1962) Greggia, Maggi,Mucci,Patrignani, and Sternieri (1968) Rallison, Kumagai, and Tyler (1967) Alexander (1959) Selenkow, Rivera, andThorn (1957) Current, Hales, andDobyns (1960) Brown and Solomon (1956) See above Robey, Veazey, and Crawford (1956); Layrisse (1956) Hill, Reiss, Forsham, andThorn (1950); Berson and Yalow (1952) (also lowers PBI concentration by haemodilution -Blomstedt and Einhorn, 1967) Hardy, Jeffries, Wasserman, and Waddell (1950) Drug Reference *BHDB Escobar del Rey and Morreale de Escobar (1962) Butyl-4-hydroxy-3 :5-di-iodobenzoate (= BHDB) 2,2(4-chlorophenyl, 2-chlorophenyl) 1, I-dichloroethane (= Op 'DDD) DNP (= 2:4-dinitrophenol) *Dilantin (= diphenylhydantoin) 2:4-Dinitrophenol Wolff, Standaert, and Rail (1961); Morreale de Escobar and Escobar del Rey (1961a and b) *Diphenylhydantoin (long-term Wolff et al (1961); Lightfoot and therapy) Christian (1966) Chin and Schussler (1968). Acute treatment is without effect (Levy and Marshall, 1964) Gentisate Woeber and Ingbar (1964) Op' DDD Danowski, Sarver, Moses, and Bonessi (1964);Marshall and Tompkins (1968) ,y-Resorcylate Woeber and Ingbar (1964) Stewart and Grayson (1966) …”

Tales of acute risk assessment: Health effects made out of whole cloth

“…The conclusions in the summary of the recommended AEGL levels utilize these studies as supporting studies. Thus, an absence of any mention of health effects becomes a positive assertion that none exist and the existence of any sampling data is transformed into average full shift personal data: ''additional monitoring studies with mean exposures to 5 ppm failed to report adverse health effects [Hardy et al, 1950;Maehly and Swensson, 1970].'' The studies are then used to justify the finding that 5 ppm exposures were investigated and no health effects resulted: ''dividing the 8-hr 5 ppm concentration of the Grabois [1954], Hardy et al [1950], or Maehly and Swensson [1970] studies by an intraspecies uncertainty factor of 3 or dividing the 1-hr 8 ppm concentration of the El Ghawabi et al [1975] study by an intraspecies uncertainty factor of three results in very similar AEGL 1 values.''…”

“…Harriet Hardy, a noted authority in Occupational Health and colleague of Alice Hamilton, published a report titled ''thiocyanate effect following industrial cyanide exposure; report of two cases'' [Hardy et al, 1950]. The purpose of this study is clearly stated in the sub title: ''report of two cases.''…”

“…Grabois [1954] is an investigation of area exposure monitoring with no health effect investigation. Hardy et al [1950] is a report of two HCN poisoning cases with no exposure data. Maehly and Swensson [1970] report cyanide and thiocyanate levels in biological fluids for smoking and non-smoking workers exposed to low levels of HCN but there is no symptom investigation.…”