Thiosulfinate-Enriched Allium sativum Extract as an Adjunct to Antibiotic Treatment of Sepsis in a Rat Peritonitis Model

Abstract

Up to now, there are no studies that have shown a decrease in morbidity and mortality in the context of sepsis and septic shock, except for antibiotic therapy and the objective-guided resuscitation strategy. The goal was to evaluate the use of thiosulfinate-enriched Allium sativum extract (TASE) as an adjuvant in the management of sepsis. An experimental in vivo study was carried out with male Sprague Dawley® rats. Animals were randomized in three treatment groups: the control group (I), antibiotic (ceftriaxone) treatment group (II) and ceftriaxone plus TASE treatment group (III). All animals were housed and inoculated with 1 × 1010 CFU/15 mL of intraperitoneal Escherichia coli ATCC 25922. Subsequently, they received a daily treatment according to each group for 7 days. Clinical, analytical, microbiological, and histopathological parameters were evaluated. Statistically significant clinical improvement was observed in the ceftriaxone plus TASE vs. ceftriaxone group in weight, ocular secretions, whiskers separation and physical activity level (p ≤ 0.05). When comparing interleukins on the third day of treatment between II and III, we found statistically significant differences in IL-1 levels (p < 0.05). Blood and peritoneal liquid cultures of group I were positive for multisensitive E. coli. Group II and III cultures were negative for E. coli, although an overgrowth of Enterococcus faecalis was found. In conclusion, TASE used as an adjuvant to antibiotic treatment in the management of sepsis could improve response profiles with sepsis attenuation, thus reducing overall mortality after an animal peritonitis model.

Black Garlic and Thiosulfinate-Enriched Extracts as Adjuvants to Ceftriaxone Treatment in a Rat Peritonitis Model of Sepsis

“…Regarding weight status, rats infused with TASE not only did not show a significant drop in body weight but their body mass increased more quickly in the TASE + BGE group, highlighting that TASE can reduce the impact of an infection/inoculum, as previously described [ 23 ].…”

“…Looking for the immunomodulatory capacity of compounds derived from garlic, this study has been designed using two extracts (TASE and BGE) and its combination with antibiotic, finding a decrease in TNF-alpha in the first 24 h in the two groups where BGE was included. In a previous work [ 23 ], we compared only TASE to antibiotic treatment in T3 and T7, and we did not find a significant decrease in TNF-alpha. In the present work, we also found no differences in any of the cytokines analyzed at T5 (i.e., 120 h later), which falls within the context of regulation of the host inflammatory response, where toxins are eliminated or neutralized 24 h after contact [ 36 ].…”

“…SAC and allicin concentrations were used as the reference for BGE and TASE experimental treatments by their previous demonstrated bioactivity [ 22 , 23 ]. The concentration of other thiosulfinates were not determined since allicin is the most unstable compound of all thiosulfinates contained in TASE.…”

“…The extract was then filtered through 15 mm × 0.45 µm plastic filters under positive pressure. The extract was freeze-dried as previously reported [ 23 ] to obtain a standardized, formulable and soluble SAC lyophilized preparation from BGE with a particular concentration in this study of 0.31 mg/g, as shown in Table 1 .…”

Potential Health Benefits of Fruits and Vegetables

“…To evaluate the efficacy in the sepsis-induced management, clinical, analytical, microbiological and histopathological parameters were evaluated in the control group, in the group treated with antibiotic, and in the group treated with antibiotic plus Allium sativum extract. The results confirmed that the utilization of Allium sativum extract as an adjuvant to antibiotic treatment in the management of sepsis could improve the sepsis attenuation, ameliorating clinical parameters of rats as weight, ocular secretions, whiskers separation and physical activity level, inhibiting Escherichia coli proliferation and thus, reducing overall mortality after an animal peritonitis model [8].…”