Third order nonlinear distortion of SAW duplexers in UMTS system

Research in Nonlinearity of Surface Acoustic Wave Devices

“…However, owing to the nonlinear specifications of 3GPP, the design method of SAW duplexers must include nonlinear analysis and simulation. Thus, to achieve the analysis of nonlinear characteristics, serval phenomenological models have also been developed, such as nonlinear Butterworth Van Dyke (BVD) model [3], nonlinear Mason equivalent model [4,19], nonlinear P-matrix model [20,21], nonlinear COM model [22][23][24][25], rigorous nonlinear COM and P matrix model [26][27][28][29] and other nonlinear phenomenological models [30][31][32][33][34][35]. Furthermore, a finite element algorithm model was also developed for the nonlinear analysis [36][37][38].…”

“…Surface acoustic wave (SAW) devices use the piezoelectric and inverse piezoelectric properties of piezoelectric materials, which excite and receive SAW through an Interdigital transducer (IDT). Their most extensive applications include SAW sensors [1,2] in the Internet of Things and SAW filters [3,4] in mobile communication. As an indispensable component for mobile radio frequency (RF) front-end, SAW filters, and duplexers have a huge market.…”

“…In particular, the nonlinear requirements of Frequency Division Duplexing (FDD) systems are extremely important because the Tx and Rx signals in the duplexer operate at different frequencies simultaneously within a small area [3]. In FDD systems, the output signal of the transceiver is amplified by a power amplifier (PA) and then filtered by the Tx filter of the duplexer.…”

A nonlinear elastic model for predicting triple beat in SAW duplexers

“…However, this approach cannot directly predict the nonlinear responses of SAW duplexers. Recently, the nonlinear distortion of SAW duplexers has been analyzed by using the equivalent circuit model [6], [7]. Reference [7] simulated the frequency responses of the 3rd order nonlinear distortion in SAW duplexers such as the 3rd order harmonic generation, IMD3, and triple beat by using the nonlinear Butterworth-Van Dyke (BVD) model.…”

“…Recently, the nonlinear distortion of SAW duplexers has been analyzed by using the equivalent circuit model [6], [7]. Reference [7] simulated the frequency responses of the 3rd order nonlinear distortion in SAW duplexers such as the 3rd order harmonic generation, IMD3, and triple beat by using the nonlinear Butterworth-Van Dyke (BVD) model. Although this nonlinear model is in good agreement with measurements, the nonlinear parameters for each resonator in duplexers must be extracted from numerous experiments.…”