Thirteen Cases of Leukemia in a Family
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Gunz, F. W.; Gunz, Joan P.; Vincent, P. C.; Bergin, Mary; Johnson, F. M.; Bashir, H.; Kirk, R. L.

doi:10.1093/jnci/60.6.1243

Cited by 44 publications

(12 citation statements)

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“…The vast majority of leukaemia patients are found to be the single case within their family or particular social surroundings (e.g. their school), although a few observations of a higher incidence of leukaemia within families have been reported [up to 13 cases in one large family (Gunz et al, 1978)]. One epidemiological study from the United States presents evidence that when one identical twin develops leukaemia there is a one in five chance that the other twin will also develop the disease ; but this was not confirmed in a similar study in Great Britain (Till et al, 1967).…”

Section: ( 1) Transmission Of Leukaemia Virusesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Human retroviruses in leukaemia and AIDS: reflections on their discovery, biology and epidemiology

Karpas¹

2004

Biological Reviews

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The study of retroviruses has had a profound impact by unveiling an unusual form of viral replication: the multiplication of RNA viruses via a proviral DNA, for which Jan Svoboda provided the experimental model over forty years ago. In 1970 Temin, Mizutani and Baltimore discovered that this group of viruses contains a unique enzyme catalysing the synthesis of a DNA copy of the viral RNA: reverse transcriptase (RT). The discovery of RT has itself had an enormous impact on molecular biology in general, but also stimulated many premature claims of its detection in human disease. Claims by Gallo's laboratory that the cytoplasm of human leukaemia cells contained RT proved to be unfounded, as did his report in collaboration with Weiss that myeloid leukaemia contained HL23 virus, this organism proving not to be human but a laboratory contaminant of three monkey viruses. Conclusive demonstration of a retroviral involvement in human leukaemia was first provided in 1981 by Hinuma and his associates, showing that adult T-cell leukaemia (ATL), a rare form of leukaemia endemic to south-west Japan, is caused by a new retrovirus (ATLV). Other publications in December 1980 and through 1981 claimed the discovery of a new human T-cell leukaemia virus involved in mycosis fungoides (MF) and Sézary's syndrome (SS). This virus was termed HTLV by Gallo. The nucleotide sequence of ATLV is strongly conserved, that of my 1983 isolate from a black British ATL patient being practically identical with the Japanese virus isolates. After AIDS was recognised in 1981 by Gottlieb and coworkers as a new human disease, several papers were published by Gallo and his associates during 1983-4, invoking the oncovirus responsible for adult T-cell leukaemia as the cause of AIDS. In 1983 the French scientist Barré-Sinoussi and her colleagues succeeded in isolating a new agent in the disease, a lentivirus, which they named LAV. The French immunologist Klatzmann and his colleagues discovered that LAV killed CD4+ T-cells, furnishing an explanation for the pathogenesis of AIDS and providing a mechanism for how AIDS developed. For some time Gallo continued to suggest leukaemia virus involvement, claiming that his independent isolate of the AIDS virus, termed HTLV-III, was closely related to HTLV-I (the Japanese ATLV). Although this created considerable confusion among researchers for a period, the relationship was eventually disproved. Unlike ATLV, whose nucleic acid sequence is very stable, the AIDS virus (now termed HIV by international agreement) is extraordinarily unstable, the sequences of independent HIV isolates being quite unique: this made it possible to establish conclusively that both HTLV-III and another independent isolate CBL-1, from Weiss' laboratory, were actually LAV isolates from the French laboratory. It has been shown by Hayami and his associates that only African primates are infected with similar lentiviruses to HIV which explains why AIDS started in Africa. Further research has clarified the origin of HIV-1 to be a chimpanzee lentivirus ...

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Section: ( 1) Transmission Of Leukaemia Virusesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Human retroviruses in leukaemia and AIDS: reflections on their discovery, biology and epidemiology

Karpas¹

2004

Biological Reviews

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“…Epidemiological studies have suggested that specific genetic and/or environmental factors may be associated with an increased incidence of human leukaemia. However, leukaemia clusters occurring within single kindreds have been described in which no genetic or immunological abnormalities or exposure to environmental agents associated with leukaemia have been identified ( Heath & Moloney, 1965; Synder et al , 1970 ; Kaur et al , 1972 ; Gunz et al , 1978 ; Li et al , 1979 ).…”

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confidence: 99%

Familial acute myeloid leukaemia: four male members of a single family over three consecutive generations exhibiting anticipation

et al. 1998

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A kindred with familial acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) is described displaying the concept of anticipation which refers to increased disease severity and/or earlier age at onset with succeeding generations. The affected individual in the first generation was the father (aged 34 years at diagnosis) of two affected members of a single sibship (aged 24 and 25 years). The fourth patient is the son (aged 4 years) of one of these brothers in the second generation. The AML was of different subtypes and a karyotypic abnormality (del[6q]) was detected in one of three patients. The first-generation patient died during chemotherapy; the remaining three patients are in complete remission after chemotherapy and autologous bone marrow transplantation.

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“…In man, reports showing an elevated concordance rate for leukemia in twins and siblings (Schmitt & Degos 1978) and its occurrence in several generations within some families (Gunz et al 1978) can be taken to indicate a strong genetic influence on susceptibility to this type of cancer. In addition, Blattner et al (1978) recently published family data where only those siblings who were homozygotes for B cell antigen developed AL.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

HLA‐DRw Antigens Associated with Acute Leukemia

1980

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In mice, susceptibility to leukemia is closely linked to “Ia” antigens coded by the major histo‐compatibility complex and is transmitted recessively. To test this hypothesis in man, 89 patients with acute leukemia were typed for the eight known HLA‐DRw specificities, representing the human counterpart of the Ia system, and compared with a normal unrelated control population (n=123). Phenotypes showing only one identifiable DRw antigen were significantly increased in patients with acute leukemia. Within such phenotypes, there was a predominant and significant occurrence of DRw antigens 3, 6, and 7, depending on the type of leukemia (AML, ALL in adults, and ALL in children respectively). These findings are most probably due to an excess of homozygotes for these particular DRw antigens, thus suggesting a recessive mode of transmission of susceptibility to leukemia in man.

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Thirteen Cases of Leukemia in a Family 2

Cited by 44 publications

References 0 publications

Human retroviruses in leukaemia and AIDS: reflections on their discovery, biology and epidemiology

Human retroviruses in leukaemia and AIDS: reflections on their discovery, biology and epidemiology

Familial acute myeloid leukaemia: four male members of a single family over three consecutive generations exhibiting anticipation

HLA‐DRw Antigens Associated with Acute Leukemia

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