THM and HAA formation from NOM in raw and treated surface waters

Golea, D. M.; Upton, A.; Jarvis, Peter; Moore, Graeme; Sutherland, Stewart C; Parsons, Simon A.; Judd, Simon

doi:10.1016/j.watres.2017.01.051

Cited by 151 publications

(45 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…This fraction, corresponding to compounds of relatively high molecular weight, is the main fraction removed by the coagulation step (reduction of around 90% of its UV absorbance in the SEC chromatogram; Figure 1d). These results are in good agreement with previous studies which have found good correlation with this particular fraction (Vasyukova et al 2013;Li et al 2014;Golea et al 2017). Assuming that the UV absorbance properties of humic substances (HS) are not significantly changed during coagulation, a lower reduction of THMFP (70%) compared to humic substances (90%) is observed, underlining the role of other organic fractions in addition to HS as THM precursors.…”

Section: Figuresupporting

confidence: 92%

“…The same behavior has been observed in several studies (Table S6). For example, Golea et al (2017) show a 50% decrease of the THMFP/DOC ratio during water treatment. This reflects a more preferential removal of the highly reactive organic THM precursors by the water treatment process -such as reactive hydrophobic fractions by coagulation-decantation -or the progressive transformation of NOM towards less reactive moieties as the DOC is not significantly removed during nitrification nor in the filtration steps.…”

Section: Thmfp Vs Nom Fractionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The concentration and properties of aqueous NOM have a significant influence on the formation of DBPs during disinfection. The different reactive fractions of NOM can be present in a wide range of concentration and preponderance within the same geographical area as for example the hydrophobic fraction representing from 30 to 84% of the raw water NOM in 30 resources across Scotland (Golea et al 2017). In addition, the level of bromide and iodide in water plays an important role in DBP formation, inducing the formation of a mix of chlorinated, brominated and iodinated DBPs (Bichsel 2000;Jones et al 2011;Hua et Reckhow 2012;Roccaro et al 2014;Zhang et al 2015;.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Formation and removal of disinfection by-products in a full scale drinking water treatment plant

Mackeown

Adusei-Gyamfi

Schoutteten

et al. 2020

Science of The Total Environment

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In this case study, high sensitivity simple methods for the analysis of trihalomethanes (THM4), iodinated-trihalomethanes (I-THMs), haloacetic acids (HAAs), bromide, iodide and iodate have been developed. A one-step procedure for the analysis of haloacetic acids by head-space GC-MS provides good reproducibility and low limits of quantification (≤ 50 ng L-1). These methods were applied to characterize the formation of DBPs in a full scale drinking water treatment plant. In this treatment plant, the incorporation of bromine into THMs increases throughout the water treatment line, due to the formation of bromine reactive species favored by the decrease of competition between DOC and bromide towards chlorine. A linear correlation has been observed between the bromine incorporation factor and the Br-/DOC mass ratio. The conversion of iodine to iodate by chlorination occurs in this water due to the relatively high bromide concentration. Moreover, a higher formation of iodate compared to iodide levels in the raw water is observed indicating a degradation of organic iodinated compounds. The formation of I-THMs was constant in terms of quantity and speciation between campaigns despite fluctuating concentrations of DOC and total iodine in the raw water. A preferential 2 removal of DBPs formed by the intermediate chlorination in the order I-DBPs>Br-DBPs>Cl-DBPs occurs during the subsequent activated carbon filtration. The removal rates range from 25 to 36% for the regulated THM4, from 82 to 93% for the ∑I-THMs and 95% for haloacetic acids. The assessment of the relative toxicity shows that despite a much lower concentration of HAAs (less than 10% of the total mass of measured DBPs) compared to THMs, these compounds are responsible for 75% of the relative cytotoxicity of the treated water. Bromoacetic acid on its own accounts for more than 60% of the overall toxicity of the 17 compounds included in this study.

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Section: Figuresupporting

confidence: 92%

Section: Thmfp Vs Nom Fractionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Formation and removal of disinfection by-products in a full scale drinking water treatment plant

Mackeown

Adusei-Gyamfi

Schoutteten

et al. 2020

Science of The Total Environment

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“…Table 2 summarises the characteristics of the groundwater which had been sampled for four times from March till May 2017. pH and turbidity levels were still within the limit stated by the Ministry of Health, Malaysia [5]. When compared with previous research, UV254 values in this study were on the higher range compared to other groundwater samples and surface water from past research [16][17][18]. 1 shows the trends in turbidity removal at different pH levels and FeCl3 dosages.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 56%

Effectiveness of Trihalomethane (THM) Precursors Removal in Groundwater Using Coagulant-Disinfectant

Kamal¹

2019

IJIE

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Trihalomethanes (THMs) is a disinfection byproduct (DBP) which forms when disinfectants react with natural organic matter (NOM) in treated drinking water. The coagulation process using ferric salts was able to remove NOM, a DBP precursor, effectively. This study method included the combination of coagulants (ferricbased) with disinfectant(s), to speed up the treatment process in emergency applications. Groundwater samples were treated using either ferric sulphate or ferric chloride, and chlorine in a series of jar tests. Ferric sulphate application showed a good turbidity removal (50.51%) while UV254 removal using ferric chloride was as high as 80.76%. Most conditions at pH 5.5 formed lower THMs compared to other pH levels, although the THM level at this pH still exceeded the limit set by authorities.

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“…Molecular weight distributions in source and treated water in Shanghai, China were investigated to understand the relationship between THMFP and N-Nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA) FP and dissolved organic carbon (DOC) for different molecular weight ranges. DBPFP of NOM in surface water sources was studied with reference to the key water quality determinants of UV absorption (UVA), color, and DOC concentration.The results were quantified in terms of the yield and the linear regression coefficient(Golea et al, 2017). Hua et al(2017) characterized the chemical properties of adsorbable organic matter (AOM) from two major origins (i.e., extracellular organic matter (EOM) and IOM, of green alga Chlorella sp.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%