Thousand Cankers Disease Caused by Geosmithia morbida and Its Insect Vector Pityophthorus juglandis First Reported on Juglans nigra in Tuscany, Central Italy

Moricca, Salvatore; Bracalini, Matteo; Benigno, Alessandra; Ginetti, Beatrice; Pelleri, F.; Panzavolta, Tiziana

doi:10.1094/pdis-07-18-1256-pdn

Cited by 26 publications

(19 citation statements)

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“…Consequently, in the present study, molecular identification of P . juglandis was also performed by sequence analysis of a portion of the COI gene [ 20 , 25 ], by employing the combination of primers LCO1490 and HCO2198, which amplify a roughly 710-bp segment in a number of invertebrate species [ 28 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…morbida was isolated on a Potato Dextrose Agar (PDA, Difco Laboratories, Detroit, MI) nutrient medium; subsequently, the fungus and the WTB were both identified at the morphological and molecular level. According to Moricca et al .’s [ 20 ] methodology, who worked on samples from the same outbreak site, the rDNA region of G . morbida was amplified by end-point PCR, from both pure mycelium and infected plant tissue, via the universal primers ITS4 and ITS6 [ 27 ].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A duplex real-time PCR with probe for simultaneous detection of Geosmithia morbida and its vector Pityophthorus juglandis

Rizzo¹,

Lio

Bartolini³

et al. 2020

PLoS ONE

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The cultivation of walnuts ( Juglans sp.) in Europe retains high economic, social, and environmental value. The recent reporting of the Thousand Cankers Disease (TCD) fungus, Geosmithia morbida , and of its vector, Pityophthorus juglandis , in walnut trees in Italy is alarming the whole of Europe. Although Italy is at present the only foothold of the disease outside North America, given the difficulties inherent in traditional identification of both members of this beetle/fungus complex, a rapid and effective protocol for the early detection and identification of TCD organisms is an absolute priority for Europe. Here we report the development of an effective and sensitive molecular tool based on simplex/duplex qPCR assays for the rapid, accurate and highly specific detection of both the bionectriaceous fungal pathogen and its bark-beetle vector. Our assay performed excellently, detecting minute amounts of target DNA without any non-specific amplification. Detection limits from various and heterogeneous matrices were lower than other reported assays. Our molecular protocol could assist in TCD organism interception at entry points, territory monitoring for the early identification and eradication of outbreaks, delineation of quarantine areas, and tracing back TCD entry and dispersal pathways.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A duplex real-time PCR with probe for simultaneous detection of Geosmithia morbida and its vector Pityophthorus juglandis

Rizzo¹,

Lio

Bartolini³

et al. 2020

PLoS ONE

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“…The walnut twig beetle, Pityophthorus juglandis Blackman (Coleoptera: Scolytidae), is an invasive pest that is native to the southwestern USA and Mexico [1,2]. It has expanded its distribution and occurs in nine western and seven eastern states in the USA [3][4][5][6] and in northern and central Italy [7][8][9]. Together with its symbiotic fungus, Geosmithia morbida M. Kolařík, E. Freeland, C. Utley, and N. Tisserat sp.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effects of Weather on the Flight of an Invasive Bark Beetle, Pityophthorus juglandis

Chen

Aukema

Seybold

2020

Insects

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The walnut twig beetle, Pityophthorus juglandis Blackman (Coleoptera: Scolytidae), vectors the fungus Geosmithia morbida, which has been implicated in thousand cankers disease of walnut. Little is known about the flight behavior of the insect across seasons, or about the variability in its flight patterns with weekly fluctuations in weather. We sampled flying adults weekly over a 142-week period (from 29 August, 2011 to 2 June, 2014) with 12-unit black plastic multiple funnel traps baited with a male-produced aggregation pheromone in California, USA. Up to 5000 beetles were captured per trap per week, although catches in most weeks were less than 100 insects. Trap catches were regressed against terms for precipitation, solar radiation, vapor pressure, air temperature, relative humidity, wind speed, and trap catches in preceding weeks. The number of beetles captured in each of the preceding two weeks explained most variation in a current week's catch. This strong temporal autocorrelation was present in regression models developed for males, females, and both sexes pooled. These models were improved by including two environmental variables. Captures of P. juglandis increased with mean weekly air temperature and decreased with increasing mean minimum relative humidity. The percentage of variation in male, female, or total trap catch explained by the temporal variables and the two environmental variables in these multiple regression models ranged from 72% to 76%. While the flight of this invasive insect will likely be affected by site-specific factors as it spreads to new areas, the strong temporal correlation present in this system may provide a useful starting point for developing flight models for newly invaded areas.

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“…This disease complex includes the recently-described fungus Geosmithia morbida Kolařik (GM) (Ascomycota, Hypocreales, Bionectriaceae) and its vector Pityophtorus juglandis Blackman (Coleoptera, Curculionidae, Scolytinae), a bark beetle also known as the walnut twig beetle (WTB). The procedure described here was implemented to track the occurrence of the beetle and the fungus for the first time in Tuscany, central Italy, and to identify unequivocally both causal agents [2 , 3] .…”

Section: Methods Detailsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thousand cankers disease in Juglans: Optimizing sampling and identification procedures for the vector Pityophthorus juglandis, and the causal agent Geosmithia morbida

et al. 2020

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Thousand Cankers Disease Caused by Geosmithia morbida and Its Insect Vector Pityophthorus juglandis First Reported on Juglans nigra in Tuscany, Central Italy

Cited by 26 publications

References 4 publications

A duplex real-time PCR with probe for simultaneous detection of Geosmithia morbida and its vector Pityophthorus juglandis

A duplex real-time PCR with probe for simultaneous detection of Geosmithia morbida and its vector Pityophthorus juglandis

The Effects of Weather on the Flight of an Invasive Bark Beetle, Pityophthorus juglandis

Thousand cankers disease in Juglans: Optimizing sampling and identification procedures for the vector Pityophthorus juglandis, and the causal agent Geosmithia morbida

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