Three advanced designs of micro-pixel avalanche photodiodes: Their present status, maximum possibilities and limitations

Sadygov, Z.; Olshevski, A. G.; Chirikov, I.; Железных, И. М.; Novikov, Alexander

doi:10.1016/j.nima.2006.05.215

Cited by 77 publications

(63 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…MAPDs are one vendor's version of the Geiger mode APD [5], [6]. To reduce the computational load of handling 256 individual sensor outputs rowcolumn summing is used, which reduces the 16 by 16 array to 32 outputs.…”

Section: A Cmice Detector Modulementioning

confidence: 99%

Design of a Real Time FPGA-Based Three Dimensional Positioning Algorithm

Johnson-Williams

Miyaoka

et al. 2011

IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci.

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We report on the implementation and hardware platform of a real time Statistics-Based Positioning (SBP) method with depth of interaction processing for a positron emission tomography detector. The processing method works in conjunction with continuous miniature crystal element (cMiCE) detectors using a sensor on the entrance surface design. Our group previously reported on a Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) SBP implementation that provided a two dimensional (2D) detector positioning solution [1]. This new implementation extends that work to take advantage of three dimensional (3D) look up tables to provide a 3D positioning solution that improves intrinsic spatial resolution. Resolution is most improved along the edges of the crystal, an area where the 2D algorithm's performance suffers. The algorithm allows an intrinsic spatial resolution of 0.90 mm FWHM in X and Y and a resolution of 1.90 mm FWHM in Z (i.e., the depth of the crystal) based upon DETECT2000 simulation results that include the effects of Compton scatter in the crystal. A pipelined FPGA implementation is able to process events in excess of 220 K events per second, which is greater than the maximum expected coincidence rate for an individual detector. In contrast to all detectors being processed at a centralized host (as in the current system) a separate FPGA is available at each detector, thus dividing the computational load. A prototype design has been implemented and tested on an Altera Stratix II FPGA using a reduced word size due to memory limitations of our commercial prototyping board.Index Terms-Data acquisition, field programmable gate array, maximum likelihood estimation.

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Section: A Cmice Detector Modulementioning

confidence: 99%

Design of a Real Time FPGA-Based Three Dimensional Positioning Algorithm

Johnson-Williams

Miyaoka

et al. 2011

IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci.

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“…The sum of the signals from all of the APD cells gives the SiPM output pulse. In consequence, the number of fired APD cells is generally larger than the number of detected/ incident photons [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9]. The details of the operating principles, the theoretical model and the analysis of the linearity and pulse height resolution of SiPMs have been extensively studied and can be found elsewhere in the literature [3,4,[9][10][11][12].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

New method for evaluating effective recovery time and single photoelectron response in silicon photomultipliers

Grodzicka¹,

Szczęśniak²,

Moszyński³

et al. 2015

Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A:

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“…The SiPM is a matrix device where each cell is an avalanche photodetector (APD) working in Geiger mode that includes a quenching resistor [3,4], [20]. That resistor is in charge of colapsing the avalanche process in each single APD a short time after it starts.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Single Photon Counting with Silicon Photomultipliers, shortening systems and incoherent illumination

Yebras¹,

Antoranz²,

Miranda³

2012

J. Eur. Opt. Soc.-Rapid Publ.

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In this work it is shown the benefit of using pulse shortening systems for conforming photodetection pulses provided by Silicon Photomultipliers (SiPMs). One of the main drawbacks when using SiPMs is the slow falling edge in the detection signal which can reach even hundreds of nanoseconds. Pulses obtained when using the shortening systems proposed here are single narrow peaks, with full width at half maximum (FWHM) around 10 ns, preserving the photonic modulation and with good pseudo-gaussian shape, single polarity and low ringing. Different tests are presented to illustrate the advantage of these systems in the detection of single photons emitted in short, incoherent pulses.

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Three advanced designs of micro-pixel avalanche photodiodes: Their present status, maximum possibilities and limitations

Cited by 77 publications

References 3 publications

Design of a Real Time FPGA-Based Three Dimensional Positioning Algorithm

Design of a Real Time FPGA-Based Three Dimensional Positioning Algorithm

New method for evaluating effective recovery time and single photoelectron response in silicon photomultipliers

Single Photon Counting with Silicon Photomultipliers, shortening systems and incoherent illumination

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