Three-circle method in the investigations of shapes of gas bubble clusters in two-phase flow

Effective conductivity in association with model structure and spatial inhomogeneity of polymer/carbon black composites

“…In this paper we have restricted ourselves to calculation of the index H for two-dimensional representative distributions of carbon black because at this stage the only available data are provided by transmission It is worth indicating that the inhomogeneity measure H is only one of the possible measures useful in accounting for the influence of spatial distribution on some physical properties. For example, the so-called measure of compactness [15] allows us to evaluate the tendency for the creation of chains of particles in a simple way even in three dimensions. The above measure of compactness is different from the well known cyclomatic ratio allowing for a distinction between compact and ramified clusters [16,17].…”

Antiviral activity of galvanic microcells of zinc and copper contained within painted surfaces

“…The homogeneity of the galvanic microcells distribution in the paint layer was determined and assessed using a probabilistic method with a mathematical model of three circles. This method is also used in astronomy and cosmology for describing the population distribution of galaxies 15 , 16 . Recently, a similar image analysis method, originally used in astronomy, was applied toward the pathologic analysis of specimens from patients with skin cancer 17 .…”