Isoselenocyanates (ISCs) are a class of organoselenium compounds that have been recognized as potential chemotherapeutic and chemopreventative agents against cancer(s) and infectious disease. ISC compounds are chemically analogous to their isosteric relatives, isothiocyanates (ITCs), however possess increased biological activity, such as an increased cytotoxicity against cancer cells. ISCs not only serve as significant products, but also as precursors and essential intermediates for a variety of organoselenium compounds, such as selenium-containing heterocycles which are biologically active. While the syntheses of ISCs have become less difficult to accomplish, the syntheses of selenium-containing heterocycles have been found often difficult due to the use of highly toxic selenium reagents. Because of this, ISCs can serve as versatile reagents in the preparation of these heterocycles. In this review, the classical and recent syntheses of ISCs will be discussed, along with notable and recent synthetic work in using ISCs to access novel selenium-containing heterocycles.