Three-component tracer model for stormflow on a small Appalachian forested catchment

DeWalle, David R.; Swistock, Bryan R.; Sharpe, William E.

doi:10.1016/0022-1694(88)90171-0

Cited by 178 publications

(92 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…While the MTM region lies between long-term forested experimental catchments at the Fernow Experimental Forest (northern WV) and the Coweeta Hydrologic Laboratory (NC), the information gained from those sites is limited due to differing climatology, geology and historical and current landuse in the Central Appalachian coalfields. Work in the greater Central Appalachian region has shown that stormflow is dominated by subsurface flow [101]. In the Central Appalachian coalfields, groundwater movement is predominantly controlled by a complex network of stress relief fractures in hillslopes and valley bottoms [102,103].…”

Section: Hydrology Of Non-mtm Catchments In the Central Appalachian Cmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mountaintop Removal Mining and Catchment Hydrology

Miller

Zégre

2014

Water

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Mountaintop mining and valley fill (MTM/VF) coal extraction, practiced in the Central Appalachian region, represents a dramatic landscape-scale disturbance. MTM operations remove as much as 300 m of rock, soil, and vegetation from ridge tops to access deep coal seams and much of this material is placed in adjacent headwater streams altering landcover, drainage network, and topography. In spite of its scale, extent, and potential for continued use, the effects MTM/VF on catchment hydrology is poorly understood. Previous reviews focus on water quality and ecosystem health impacts, but little is known about how MTM/VF affects hydrology, particularly the movement and storage of water, hence the hydrologic processes that ultimately control flood generation, water chemistry, and biology. This paper aggregates the existing knowledge about the hydrologic impacts of MTM/VF to identify areas where further scientific investigation is needed. While contemporary surface mining generally increases peak and total runoff, the limited MTM/VF studies reveal significant variability in hydrologic response. Significant knowledge gaps relate to limited understanding of hydrologic processes in these systems. Until the hydrologic impact of this practice is better understood, efforts to reduce water quantity and quality problems and ecosystem degradation will be difficult to achieve.

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Section: Hydrology Of Non-mtm Catchments In the Central Appalachian Cmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mountaintop Removal Mining and Catchment Hydrology

Miller

Zégre

2014

Water

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“…Subsurface lateral flow is generally initiated when rainwater percolates through a soil profile, meets an impeding layer of soil, regolith or bedrock on hillsope, forms saturated condition and then is diverted laterally downslope (Luxmoore, 1991;Newman et al, 1998). Subsurface lateral flow has been intensively studied in natural ecosystems as it is a major hydrological process (Cirmo and McDonnell, 1997;DeWalle et al, 1988;Burns et al, 2001;McHale et al, 2002;Inamdar and Mitchell, 2007) and it is linked to spatial pedogenetic variations of nutrients and pollutants (Schlichting and Schweikle, 1980). In agriculture, soil structure within a soil profile can be altered by natural soil water erosion and by soil tillage.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Subsurface lateral flow from hillslope and its contribution to nitrate loading in streams through an agricultural catchment during subtropical rainstorm events

Zhang

Tang

Gao

et al. 2011

Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci.

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Abstract. Subsurface lateral flow from agricultural hillslopes is often overlooked compared with overland flow and tile drain flow, partly due to the difficulties in monitoring and quantifying. The objectives of this study were to examine how subsurface lateral flow generated through soil pedons from cropped hillslopes and to quantify its contribution to nitrate loading in the streams through an agricultural catchment in the subtropical region of China. Profiles of soil water potential along hillslopes and stream hydro-chemographs in a trenched stream below a cropped hillslope and at the catchment outlet were simultaneously recorded during two rainstorm events. The dynamics of soil water potential showed positive matrix soil water potential over impermeable soil layer at 0.6 to 1.50 m depths during and after the storms, indicating soil water saturation and drainage processes along the hillslopes irrespective of land uses. The hydro-chemographs in the streams, one trenched below a cropped hillslope and one at the catchment outlet, showed that the concentrations of particulate nitrogen and phosphorus corresponded well to stream flow during the storm, while the nitrate concentration increased on the recession limbs of the hydrographs after the end of the storm. All the synchronous data revealed that nitrate was delivered from the cropped hillslope through subsurface lateral flow to the streams during and after the end of the rainstorms. A chemical mixing model based onCorrespondence to: B. Zhang (bzhang@caas.ac.cn) electricity conductivity (EC) and H + concentration was successfully established, particularly for the trenched stream. The results showed that the subsurface lateral flow accounted for 29 % to 45 % of total stream flow in the trenched stream, responsible for 86 % of total NO − 3 -N loss (or 26 % of total N loss), and for 5.7 % to 7.3 % of total stream flow at the catchment outlet, responsible for about 69 % of total NO − 3 -N loss (or 28 % of total N loss). The results suggest that subsurface lateral flow through hydraulically stratified soil pedons have to be paid more attention for controlling non-point source surface water pollution from intensive agricultural catchment particularly in the subtropical areas with great soil infiltration.

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“…Outcome (iii) reinforces the idea of water exchanges at macropore-matrix boundaries. Indeed, macropore flow was shown to be composed of old water by many researchers (DeWalle et al, 1988;McDonnell, 1990;Kienzler and Naef, 2008) and new water by others (Steenhuis et al, 1994;Stone and Wilson, 2006;Jarvis, 2007;Vidon et al, 2012). The current study rather suggests a mixture of old and new water, with or without organic amendments (Fig.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Numerous studies have investigated preferential flow in grassland or forested (DeWalle et al, 1988;Dewalle and Swistock, 1994;Leaney et al, 1993;Weiler and Naef, 2003;Alaoui et al, 2011) and agricultural environments (Logsdon et al, 1990;Edwards et al, 1993;Gazis and Feng, 2004;Cullum, 2009;Wuest, 2009;Katuwal et al, 2015;Wang and Zhang, 2017). With no direct preferential flow measurement method available (Wuest, 2009), these studies relied on dye tracing experiments, tracer mass balances, dual-porosity models, and two-or three-component hydrograph separation equations.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Preferential Flow in Vertisolic Soils with and without Organic Amendments

Ali

Macrae

Walker

et al. 2018

Agricultural & Env Letters

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Core Ideas Matrix flow and macropore flow interact in Vertisols via lateral infiltration. Maximum water infiltration depths are greater in Vertisols with hog manure. Manure does not affect the mobilization of old soil water via macropore flow. Preferential flow has different agronomic and environmental effects in various soils. The objectives of this study were (i) to quantify matrix and preferential flow and (ii) to assess the effect of organic amendments on flow dynamics in agricultural Vertisols. Dye tracing and isotopic analysis were used to infer soil water infiltration and mixing on two plots: one treatment (with liquid hog manure) and one control. Results showed infiltration depths reaching 64 cm for the treatment plot and 45 cm for the control. For both plots, matrix flow was only observed in the top 10 cm, whereas preferential flow extended beyond the tillage depth. Dye traces provided evidence of lateral infiltration across macropore–matrix boundaries, while post‐experiment soil water averaged δ2H = −15.1‰ and δ18O = −118.9‰, hinting at old water mobilization via macropore flow. The potential impacts of these results on chemical transport should be validated across different soils and environmental conditions.

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Three-component tracer model for stormflow on a small Appalachian forested catchment

Cited by 178 publications

References 20 publications

Mountaintop Removal Mining and Catchment Hydrology

Mountaintop Removal Mining and Catchment Hydrology

Subsurface lateral flow from hillslope and its contribution to nitrate loading in streams through an agricultural catchment during subtropical rainstorm events

Preferential Flow in Vertisolic Soils with and without Organic Amendments

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