Three Days of Intermittent Fasting: Repeated-Sprint Performance Decreased by Vertical-Stiffness Impairment

Cherif, Anissa; Meeusen, Romain; Farooq, Abdulaziz; Ryu, Joong Hyun; Fenneni, Mohamed Amine; Николовски, Зоран; Elshafie, Sittana S.; Chamari, Karim; Roelands, Bart

doi:10.1123/ijspp.2016-0125

Cited by 19 publications

(23 citation statements)

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“…Yet, the available literature on this specific matter has provided mixed results. For example, a significant reduction in sprint performance during the initial stages of IF has been reported in past research (i.e., first 2-3 days) [41,43]. One possible explanation for such decrement in anaerobic performance might be that short-term IF depletes muscle energy stores (e.g., reduced rate of anaerobic adenosine triphosphate synthesis) [36].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 88%

“…Under these circumstances, there was a substantial reduction in anaerobic performance vs. the control period. Therefore, it seems that the effect of IF on anaerobic performance is modulated by time of day and that small changes in anaerobic performance with IF may reflect a state of altered perceived exertion, slowed reaction time or impaired muscle function (caused by dehydration paired by muscle glycogen depletion) [35,39,41].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effects of Intermittent Fasting on Specific Exercise Performance Outcomes: A Systematic Review Including Meta-Analysis

et al. 2020

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Intermittent fasting (IF) has been studied in athletes during Ramadan and in those willing to decrease adiposity while maintaining or increasing lean body mass. The purpose of this systematic review was to summarize the effects of IF on performance outcomes. We searched peer-reviewed articles in the following databases: PubMed, Web of Science and Sport Discus (up to December 2019). Studies were selected if they included samples of adults (≥18 years), had an experimental or observational design, investigated IF (Ramadan and time-restricted feeding (TRF)), and included performance outcomes. Meta-analytical procedures were conducted when feasible. Twenty-eight articles met the eligibility criteria. Findings indicated that maximum oxygen uptake is significantly enhanced with TRF protocols (SMD = 1.32, p = 0.001), but reduced with Ramadan intermittent fasting (Ramadan IF; SMD = −2.20, p < 0.001). Additional effects of IF may be observed in body composition (body mass and fat mass). Non-significant effects were observed for muscle strength and anaerobic capacity. While Ramadan IF may lead to impairments in aerobic capacity, TRF may be effective for improving it. As there are few studies per performance outcome, more research is needed to move the field forward.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 88%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Intermittent Fasting on Specific Exercise Performance Outcomes: A Systematic Review Including Meta-Analysis

et al. 2020

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“…The magnitude of decrement in vertical stiffness increased with sprint distance [ 56 ]. Other studies have also discovered significant relationship between decrements in both stride frequency and vertical stiffness and a progressive slowing in running velocity after two sets of five 5 s sprints [ 77 ], three sets of five 5 s sprints [ 57 ], six 20 m sprints [ 78 ], twelve 40 m sprints [ 79 ], six 30 s runs at 5.5 m/s [ 80 ], and during running anaerobic sprint test (RAST test, 6 × 35 m) [ 81 ]. Therefore, it can be concluded that fatigue causes decreased vertical stiffness during running tasks, resulting in lower efficiencies of movement with a concomitant increase in metabolic cost.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Application of Leg, Vertical, and Joint Stiffness in Running Performance: A Literature Overview

Struzik

Karamanidis

Lorimer

et al. 2021

Applied Bionics and Biomechanics

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Stiffness, the resistance to deformation due to force, has been used to model the way in which the lower body responds to landing during cyclic motions such as running and jumping. Vertical, leg, and joint stiffness provide a useful model for investigating the store and release of potential elastic energy via the musculotendinous unit in the stretch-shortening cycle and may provide insight into sport performance. This review is aimed at assessing the effect of vertical, leg, and joint stiffness on running performance as such an investigation may provide greater insight into performance during this common form of locomotion. PubMed and SPORTDiscus databases were searched resulting in 92 publications on vertical, leg, and joint stiffness and running performance. Vertical stiffness increases with running velocity and stride frequency. Higher vertical stiffness differentiated elite runners from lower-performing athletes and was also associated with a lower oxygen cost. In contrast, leg stiffness remains relatively constant with increasing velocity and is not strongly related to the aerobic demand and fatigue. Hip and knee joint stiffness are reported to increase with velocity, and a lower ankle and higher knee joint stiffness are linked to a lower oxygen cost of running; however, no relationship with performance has yet been investigated. Theoretically, there is a desired “leg-spring” stiffness value at which potential elastic energy return is maximised and this is specific to the individual. It appears that higher “leg-spring” stiffness is desirable for running performance; however, more research is needed to investigate the relationship of all three lower limb joint springs as the hip joint is often neglected. There is still no clear answer how training could affect mechanical stiffness during running. Studies including muscle activation and separate analyses of local tissues (tendons) are needed to investigate mechanical stiffness as a global variable associated with sports performance.

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“…RSP and related procedures : Prior to the RSP, participants underwent a standardized warm-up: (i) 1 min at 8 km.h -1 , 1 min at 9 km.h -1 and finally 8 min at 10 km.h -1 (10 min total running time) on the treadmill (motorized mode), followed by (ii) 5 to 6 min of sprint-specific dynamic stretching and skipping muscular warm-up exercises off the treadmill, and (iii) 10 to 13 min of interval treadmill-sprints (non-motorized mode) [ 24 ]. Warm-up duration was consistent within participants for the 3 conditions (total time range: 25 – 28 min).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Repeated-sprints exercise in daylight fasting: carbohydrate mouth rinsing does not affect sprint and reaction time performance

Cherif¹,

Meeusen²,

Ryu³

et al. 2018

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To determine the effect of carbohydrate mouth rinsing (CHO-MR) on physical and cognitive performance during repeated-sprints (RS) after 3 days of intermittent fasting (abstaining from food and fluid 14 h per day). In a randomized and counter-balanced manner 15 active healthy males in a fasted state performed a RS-protocol [RSP; 2 sets (SET1 and SET2) of 5×5 s maximal sprints, with each sprint interspersed with 25 s rest and 3 min of recovery between SET1 and SET2] on an instrumented non-motorized treadmill with embedded force sensors under three conditions: i) Control (CON; no-MR), ii) Placebo-MR (PLA-MR; 0% maltodextrin) and iii) CHO-MR (10% maltodextrin). Participants rinsed their mouth with either 10 mL of PLA-MR or CHO-MR solution for 5 s before each sprint. Sprint kinetics were measured for each sprint and reaction time (RTI) tasks (simple and complex) were assessed pre-, during- and post-RSP. There was no statistical main effect of CHO-MR on mean power, mean speed, and vertical stiffness during the sprints between the PLA-MR and CON condition. Additionally, no statistical main effect for CHO-MR on accuracy, movement time and reaction time during the RTI tasks was seen. CHO-MR did not affect physical (RSP) or cognitive (RTI) performance in participants who had observed 3 days of intermittent fasting (abstaining from food and fluid 14 h per day).

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Three Days of Intermittent Fasting: Repeated-Sprint Performance Decreased by Vertical-Stiffness Impairment

Cited by 19 publications

References 0 publications

Effects of Intermittent Fasting on Specific Exercise Performance Outcomes: A Systematic Review Including Meta-Analysis

Effects of Intermittent Fasting on Specific Exercise Performance Outcomes: A Systematic Review Including Meta-Analysis

Application of Leg, Vertical, and Joint Stiffness in Running Performance: A Literature Overview

Repeated-sprints exercise in daylight fasting: carbohydrate mouth rinsing does not affect sprint and reaction time performance

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