Three different genotypes of porcine circovirus 2 (PCV-2) identified in pigs and warthogs in Namibia

Molini, Umberto; Franzo, Giovanni; Gous, Lené; Moller, Sjandré; Hemberger, Yvonne Maria; Chiwome, Bernard; Marruchella, Giuseppe; Khaiseb, Siegfried; Cattoli, Giovanni; Dundon, William G.

doi:10.1007/s00705-021-05035-9

Cited by 23 publications

(37 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…Like other ssDNA viruses, they display a high mutation rate, which can lead to the genesis of remarkable genetic variability, allowing them to readily adapt to new environments [ 2 ]. Although traditionally considered host-specific, different studies, especially dealing with porcine circoviruses, highlighted a certain plasticity in terms of host tropism [ 3 , 4 , 5 ]. Therefore, the role of host jump in the origin of new circoviruses has been speculated [ 6 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Canine Circovirus in Foxes from Northern Italy: Where Did It All Begin?

et al. 2021

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Canine circovirus (CanineCV) is a recently identified virus affecting both domestic and wild carnivores, including foxes, sometimes in presence of severe clinical signs. Its circulation in wild animals can thus represent a potential threat for endangered species conservation and an infection source for dogs. Nevertheless, no data were available on its circulation in the Alps region of Northern Italy. In the present study, samples collected from 186 foxes in the period 2009–2020 from Valle d’Aosta and Veneto regions were tested using a real-time PCR assay, demonstrating a viral circulation of approximatively 2–5%, depending on the considered regions. Two complete or almost complete genome sequences were obtained, highlighting that the detected strains were part of a so defined “fox only” clade, which suggests that, despite common contact opportunities, Alps foxes are not involved in frequent transmission events to domestic dogs. Such genetic isolation could be at least partially attributed to some sort of independent evolution occurred in the foxes, leading to species barrier. Additionally, CanineCV strains in foxes from Italy were unexpectedly related to those previously identified in foxes from the United Kingdom and Scandinavian area. Combining the history of fox distribution in Europe since the last glacial maximum (LGM) with the viral history allowed us to speculate a long-standing coexistence between European canine circovirus and this host, justifying the peculiar geographic distribution and evolutionary paths of the fox infecting clade.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Canine Circovirus in Foxes from Northern Italy: Where Did It All Begin?

et al. 2021

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“…Porcine circovirus (PCV) is currently recognized as four types (i.e., PCV1, PCV2, PCV3, and PCV4) [1][2][3][4][5][6][7], and PCV3 was recently recognized from a swine farm experiencing reproductive failure and porcine dermatitis and nephropathy syndrome-(PDNS-) like clinical signs in the United States in 2015 [3]. The metagenomic sequencing analysis showed that PCV3 has only 48% amino acid identity in the Rep protein and 26% amino acid identity in the Cap protein compared with PCV2 [3].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pathogenic Characterization of a Porcine Circovirus Type 3 Isolate from Heilongjiang, China

Wang

et al. 2021

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The clinical outcome of porcine circovirus 3 (PCV3) infection is still controversial. Herein, a novel PCV3 isolate (PCV3-China/DB-1/2017) with the molecular characterization of 24A and 27K in the Cap protein was used to inoculate three-week-old cesarean-derived, colostrum-deprived piglets. The nine PCV3 DB-1 inoculated piglets exhibited no obvious clinical symptoms or macroscopic lesions. PCV3 displayed a broad histotropism, including the heart, liver, spleen, lung, kidney, brain, lymph nodes, and tonsil, and the lungs and lymph nodes contained a higher quantity of viral genomes compared to that of the other organs. From 7 days after PCV3 DB-1 inoculation, the piglets showed obvious IgG antibody responses against PCV3 rCap-VLPs. The cumulative results demonstrated that PCV3 trend to low pathogenicity.

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“…As reviewed by Afolabi et al [12], PCV-2 infection has been reported in domestic pigs in some sub-Saharan countries, such as South Africa, Uganda, Tanzania, and Cameroon. More recently, different PCV-2 genotypes have been detected in Namibian domestic pigs (PCV-2b and PCV-2d) and warthogs (PCV-2c) [13]. Since its original identification, a great interest raised toward the epidemiology and clinical significance of PCV-3, which has been so far identified in several countries suited to the pig production in Europe, Asia, and America [14,15].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The age ranged from 3 months to 1 year old. Forty-six out of 122 pigs herein investigated had been previously tested for PCV-2 and 13 tested positive [13]. A part (50 mg) of every tissue sample was homogenized in 1 mL of sterile phosphate buffer saline (PBS) using a Tissue Lyser LT (Qiagen, Germany).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular Investigation of Porcine Circovirus Type 3 Infection in Pigs in Namibia

et al. 2021

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Porcine circovirus type 3 (PCV-3) infection is widely distributed in domestic pig populations in America, Europe, and Asia. However, no data is currently available about its presence and distribution in Africa. This study investigated the presence of PCV-3 in pigs (n = 122) in Namibia, by means of biomolecular methods. The pig samples collected (n = 122) were representative of the swine industry in Namibia, covering the major pig production facilities in the country. All of the samples tested were negative for PCV-3, and this indicated that the virus was either not present in the country or was circulating at low levels. Further studies are needed to better understand the distribution, if any, of PCV-3 in Namibia.

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Three different genotypes of porcine circovirus 2 (PCV-2) identified in pigs and warthogs in Namibia

Cited by 23 publications

References 19 publications

Canine Circovirus in Foxes from Northern Italy: Where Did It All Begin?

Canine Circovirus in Foxes from Northern Italy: Where Did It All Begin?

Pathogenic Characterization of a Porcine Circovirus Type 3 Isolate from Heilongjiang, China

Molecular Investigation of Porcine Circovirus Type 3 Infection in Pigs in Namibia

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