Three Different Types of β-Glucans Enhance Cognition: The Role of the Gut-Brain Axis

Mei, Hu; Zhang, Peng; Wang, Ruiqi; Zhou, Menglu; Pang, Natalie; Cui, Xiaoying; Ge, Xing; Liu, Xiaomei; Huang, Xu‐Feng; Yu, Yinghua

doi:10.3389/fnut.2022.848930

Cited by 19 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 80 publications

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“…Our experiment showed that early supplementation with β-glucan reduced TLR4 and NF-κB protein expression levels in NEC mice. In addition, we found β-glucan also effectively inhibited the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1β, which is in accordance with the results reported by Minmin Hul [ 49 ]. A previous study has also demonstrated that yeast-derived β-glucan could reduce intestinal injury in rat model of NEC by affecting intestinal expression of IL-18, TNF-α, iNOS, CXCL1, Tff3, and Muc-2, which suggests that β-glucan might possess potential in the treatment of NEC via reduction of inflammatory response within the intestine [ 33 ].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

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β-glucan protects against necrotizing enterocolitis in mice by inhibiting intestinal inflammation, improving the gut barrier, and modulating gut microbiota

Zhang

et al. 2023

J Transl Med

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Background Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) is a devastating gastrointestinal disease with high morbidity and mortality, affecting preterm infants especially those with very low and extremely low birth weight. β-glucan has manifested multiple biological effects including anti-inflammatory, regulation of gut microbiota, and immunomodulatory activities. This study aimed to investigate the effects of β-glucan on NEC. Methods Neonatal C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into three groups: Control group, NEC group and β-glucan group. Newborn 3-day-old mice were gavaged with either 1 mg/ml β-glucan or phosphate buffer saline at 0.03 ml/g for 7 consecutive days before NEC induction and a NEC model was established with hypoxia combined with cold exposure and formula feeding. All the pups were killed after 72-h modeling. Hematoxylin–eosin staining was performed to assess the pathological injury to the intestines. The mRNA expression levels of inflammatory factors in intestinal tissues were determined using quantitative real-time PCR. The protein levels of TLR4, NF-κB and tight junction proteins in intestinal tissues were evaluated using western blotting and immunohistochemistry. 16S rRNA sequencing was performed to determine the structure of the gut microbiota. Results β-glucan administration ameliorated intestinal injury of NEC mice; reduced the intestinal expression of TLR4, NF-κB, IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α; increased the intestinal expression of IL-10; and improved the expression of ZO-1, Occludin and Claudin-1 within the intestinal barrier. Pre-treatment with β-glucan also increased the proportion of Actinobacteria, Clostridium butyricum, Lactobacillus johnsonii, Lactobacillus murinus, and Lachnospiraceae bacterium mt14 and reduced the proportion of Klebsiella oxytoca g Klebsiella in the NEC model. Conclusion β-glucan intervention prevents against NEC in neonatal mice, possibly by suppressing the TLR4-NF-κB signaling pathway, improving intestinal barrier function, and partially regulating intestinal microbiota.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

β-glucan protects against necrotizing enterocolitis in mice by inhibiting intestinal inflammation, improving the gut barrier, and modulating gut microbiota

Zhang

et al. 2023

J Transl Med

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“… 46 , 47 This can affect inflammation and cytokines through the brain‐gut axis which is beneficial to health. 48 , 49 Therefore, ingestion of β‐glucan can change the intestinal microecology and improve the pathophysiology of AD.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

β‐Glucan attenuates cognitive impairment of APP/PS1 mice via regulating intestinal flora and its metabolites

et al. 2023

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Background The intestinal flora has been shown to be involved in the progression of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and can be improved by β‐glucan, a polysaccharide derived from Saccharomyces cerevisiae, which affects cognitive function through the intestinal flora. However, it is not known if this effect of β‐glucan is involved in AD. Method This study used behavioral testing to measure cognitive function. After that, high‐throughput 16 S rRNA gene sequencing and GC–MS were used to analyze the intestinal microbiota and metabolite SCFAs of AD model mice, and further explore the relationship between intestinal flora and neuroinflammation. Finally, the expressions of inflammatory factors in the mouse brain were detected by Western blot and Elisa methods. Results We found that appropriate supplementation of β‐glucan during the progression of AD can improve cognitive impairment and reduce A β plaque deposition. In addition, supplementation of β‐glucan can also promote changes in the composition of the intestinal flora, thereby changing the flora metabolites in the intestinal content and reduce the activation of inflammatory factors and microglia in the cerebral cortex and hippocampus through the brain‐gut axis. While reducing the expression of inflammatory factors in the hippocampus and cerebral cortex, thereby controlling neuroinflammation. Conclusion The imbalance of the gut microbiota and metabolites plays a role in the progression of AD; β‐glucan blocks the development of AD by improving the gut microbiota and its metabolites and reducing neuroinflammation. β‐Glucan is a potential strategy for the treatment of AD by reshaping the gut microbiota and improving its metabolites.

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“…β–glucans depending on their chemical structure, may have different effects on cognition. The difference in biological activity of three β–glucans from mushroom (β-(1,3)/(1,6)-glucan isolated from L. edodes ), curdlan (β-(1,3)-glucan) and oat bran (β-(1,3)/(1,4)-glucan) was evaluated in animal model (C57BL/6J mice) [ 156 ]. All three glucans had a positive effect on temporal order recognition memory.…”

Section: Medicinal Mushrooms and Their Impact On Neurotrophins—neurot...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The expression of BDNF and postsynaptic protein 95 increased in the PFC. In addition, only in supplementation with mushroom β–glucan, post-synaptic thickness of synaptic ultrastructure was observed [ 156 ]. Lentinan, an β-(1,3)/(1,6)-glucan polysaccharide found in L. edodes inhibited neuroinflammation and enhanced remyelination in the cuprizone (CPZ) mouse model [ 108 ].…”

Section: Medicinal Mushrooms and Their Impact On Neurotrophins—neurot...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Discovering the Potential Mechanisms of Medicinal Mushrooms Antidepressant Activity: A Review

et al. 2023

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Major Depression Disease is a common mental illness that affects more than 322 million people worldwide and it is one of the leading causes of mental and physical disability. The etiology of depression is a complex interplay of psychological, social, and biological factors. Currently, psychopharmacotherapy is based mainly on the monoamine theory, which states that depression is caused by an insufficient level of monoamines such as serotonin, norepinephrine, and/or dopamine. Due to the relatively low efficacy of the typical antidepressant and the high prevalence of treatment-resistant depression (~30%), seeking new ways of prophylaxis, adjuvant therapy, or novel compounds with antidepressant activity, is a priority. According to studies that analyzed mushroom consumption patterns and depression prevalence, it was concluded that mushroom ingestion lowers the odds of depression. Medicinal mushrooms are considered functional foods because of their ability to synthesize and accumulate different types of metabolites, which enhance their health-promoting properties. The review aims to explain the antidepressant activity of edible/medicinal mushrooms by elucidating the mechanism from different perspectives: edible mushrooms as a source of serotonin precursors and psilocybin as a rapid-acting antidepressant. These compounds exhibit anti-neuroinflammatory and antioxidant activities that impact neurotrophin expression, the neurogenesis process, and influence on the gut–brain axis.

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Three Different Types of β-Glucans Enhance Cognition: The Role of the Gut-Brain Axis

Cited by 19 publications

References 80 publications

β-glucan protects against necrotizing enterocolitis in mice by inhibiting intestinal inflammation, improving the gut barrier, and modulating gut microbiota

β-glucan protects against necrotizing enterocolitis in mice by inhibiting intestinal inflammation, improving the gut barrier, and modulating gut microbiota

β‐Glucan attenuates cognitive impairment of APP/PS1 mice via regulating intestinal flora and its metabolites

Discovering the Potential Mechanisms of Medicinal Mushrooms Antidepressant Activity: A Review

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