Three‐dimensional Arrangement of Short DNA Oligonucleotides at Surfaces via the Synthesis of DNA‐branched Polyacrylamide Brushes by SI‐ATRP

Abstract

Short DNA oligonucleotide branches are incorporated into acrylamide brushes via surface initiated atom transfer radical polymerization in an attempt to increase DNA surface density by building three-dimensional molecular architectures. ATR-FTIR as well as hybridization studies followed by SPR confirm the incorporation of the DNA sequences into the polymer backbone. MALDI-TOF analysis further suggests that six acrylamide monomer units are typically separating DNA branches present on a single brushes approximately 26 units long. This new approach offers a promising alternative to SAM-based nucleic acid and aptamer sensors and could enable the realization of more complex soft materials of controlled architecture capable of both recognition and signaling by including additional optically or electrochemically active moieties.

Clickable and Antifouling Platform of Poly[(propargyl methacrylate)-ran-(2-methacryloyloxyethyl phosphorylcholine)] for Biosensing Applications

“…Polymeric platforms are becoming increasingly attractive for biomolecule immobilization because a variety of functional groups can be conveniently incorporated and proportionally customized using combinations of specific monomers in the polymerization step. The superiority of this approach, which provides a three-dimensional platform and therefore offers a higher functional group density for biomolecular probe binding per surface area than in the case of a conventional two-dimensional platform based on self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) − of end-functionalized alkanethiols, for biosensing applications has been shown by our group , and other researchers. − …”

ATRP in Water: Kinetic Analysis of Active and Super-Active Catalysts for Enhanced Polymerization Control

“…1−4 The development of aqueous ATRP introduced new materials such as biocompatible polymers, 5−7 protein−polymer conjugates 3,7 and DNA-polymer conjugates. 8 It is also possible to directly graft polymers in a controlled fashion from individual living cells. 9 ATRP relies on an equilibrium between dormant and active species.…”

“…Atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) is one of the most important methods of controlled radical polymerization, used widely to prepare polymers with well-defined structure, chain length and dispersity. − The development of aqueous ATRP introduced new materials such as biocompatible polymers, − protein–polymer conjugates , and DNA-polymer conjugates . It is also possible to directly graft polymers in a controlled fashion from individual living cells …”

Synthesis and Characterization of Poly(methyl methacrylate) Brushes on Silica Particles by Surface-Initiated Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization

“…As a kind of "grafting from" technique, surface-initiated atom transfer radical polymerization (SI-ATRP) is a very useful method in the synthesis of polymer brushes which has been attracting considerable research interest since it was first put forward in 1995 [10][11][12] . At present, SI-ATRP is still widely used in the preparation of well controlled polymers with narrow molecular weight distribution due to its relatively moderate condition 13,14 .…”