Three-dimensional cell culture models for investigating human viruses

Abstract

Three-dimensional (3D) culture models are physiologically relevant, as they provide reproducible results, experimental flexibility and can be adapted for high-throughput experiments. Moreover, these models bridge the gap between traditional two-dimensional (2D) monolayer cultures and animal models. 3D culture systems have significantly advanced basic cell science and tissue engineering, especially in the fields of cell biology and physiology, stem cell research, regenerative medicine, cancer research, drug discovery, and gene and protein expression studies. In addition, 3D models can provide unique insight into bacteriology, virology, parasitology and host-pathogen interactions. This review summarizes and analyzes recent progress in human virological research with 3D cell culture models. We discuss viral growth, replication, proliferation, infection, virus-host interactions and antiviral drugs in 3D culture models.

Alginate Matrix of MDA-MB-231 Breast Cancer Cell 3D Culturing Alters CD44 and CD24 mRNA Levels and Induces ALDH1 Expression

“…The cell-cell and extracellular matrix established in the 3D culture mimics the specificity in vivo tissue with much more physiological relevance than conventional 2D culture. This feature is the most apparent in studies of cancer cell differentiation and cancer stem cells [32], described as responsible for resistance to treatment, metastasis and recurrence of tumors [2] and tumor models [28,48]. For standardize, the MDA-MD-231 cultivation was established in alginate matrix without change of medium, compared to the same 2D culture.…”

Nanoparticle-mediated drug delivery to treat infections in the female reproductive tract: evaluation of experimental systems and the potential for mathematical modeling

“…To complement analyses provided by human or synthetic CVM models, 3D models that include polymer matrices and multicellular layers -representative of epithelial and stromal layers -have been created to provide a noninvasive and physiologically relevant environment in which to study transport parameters. Although a comprehensive review of available cell culture models may be found in the studies by He et al, 74 hallmark studies relevant to FRT delivery are included in several studies. 44,69,73,74,76,77,84,85 ex vivo transport studies…”

“…Although a comprehensive review of available cell culture models may be found in the studies by He et al, 74 hallmark studies relevant to FRT delivery are included in several studies. 44,69,73,74,76,77,84,85 ex vivo transport studies…”

“…To more faithfully represent the mucosal environment, more advanced in vitro systems such as synthetic mucus, 69 undiluted CVM collected from human patients, 11,20,30,31,35,[70][71][72] and 3D cell culture techniques have been developed. 27,28,52,55,[73][74][75][76][77] In addition to utilizing a relevant model to study and obtain transport information, essential physical and chemical properties must be considered to effectively design NPs to navigate the CVM. Depending on whether mucoadhesive or muco-inert properties are preferred, these properties may be tailored to enhance distribution through mucus and to the underlying epithelial and stromal cell layers.…”

PLGA-modified nanoparticles for the treatment of hypo-vascularized HPV-related cervical cancers.

“…To more faithfully represent the mucosal environment, more advanced in vitro systems such as synthetic mucus, 69 undiluted CVM collected from human patients, 13,22,30,31,35,[70][71][72] and 3D cell culture techniques have been developed. 1,28,52,55,[73][74][75][76][77] In addition to utilizing a relevant model to study and obtain transport information, essential physical and chemical properties must be considered to effectively design NPs to navigate the CVM. Depending on whether mucoadhesive or muco-inert properties are preferred, these properties may be tailored to enhance distribution through mucus and to the underlying epithelial and stromal cell layers.…”