Three-Dimensional Deformation of the 2023 Turkey Mw 7.8 and Mw 7.7 Earthquake Sequence Obtained by Fusing Optical and SAR Images

An, Q.; Feng, Guangcai; He, Lingfeng; Xiong, Zhiqiang; Lu, Hao; Wang, Xiuhua; Wei, Jianchao

doi:10.3390/rs15102656

Cited by 24 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…Notable instances include the 2023 Turkey earthquake sequence, marked by a Mw 7.8 earthquake near the Syrian border, followed by a Mw 7.5 quake 90 km to the north, both along the East Anatolian Fault Zone-a left-lateral strike-slip fault separating the Anatolian Plate from the Arabian Plate [33,34]. These studies, using diverse methods like image fusion and seismic source modeling [33][34][35], reveal the complex geodynamic setting in the broader region, characterized by a rich seismic history and numerous active faults with diverse directions and kinematics. Furthermore, the Mediterranean region boasts a centuries-long written record documenting pre-instrumental seismicity (prior to the 20th century).…”

Section: Study Area and Seismotectonic Settingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ionospheric Total Electron Content (TEC) Anomalies as Earthquake Precursors: Unveiling the Geophysical Connection Leading to the 2023 Moroccan 6.8 Mw Earthquake

Nayak,

López-Urías,

Romero-Andrade

et al. 2023

Geosciences

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The study delves into the relationship between ionospheric total electron content (TEC) anomalies and seismic activity, with a focus on Morocco’s 6.8 Mw earthquake on 8 September 2023, lying within a tectonically active region at the convergence of the African and Eurasian Plates. To enhance the reliability of our findings, we incorporate space weather conditions, utilizing indices (Dst, Kp, and F10.7) to pinpoint periods of stable space weather. This minimizes the possibility of erroneously attributing natural ionospheric fluctuations to seismic events. Notably, our TEC analysis unveils positive and negative anomalies, with some occurring up to a week before the earthquake. These anomalies, exceeding predefined thresholds, provide compelling evidence of significant deviations from typical ionospheric conditions. Spatial mapping techniques employing both station-specific vTEC data and pseudorandom noise codes (PRNs) from multiple global navigation satellite system (GNSS) stations highlight a strong correlation between ionospheric anomalies and the earthquake’s epicenter. The integration of PRNs enhances coverage and sensitivity to subtle anomalies. Additionally, the analysis of satellite imagery and ground displacement data using Sentinel-1 confirms significant ground uplift of approximately 15 cm following the earthquake, shedding light on surface responses to seismic events. These findings underscore the potential of ionospheric science in advancing earthquake early warning systems and deepening our understanding of earthquake precursors, thus contributing to the mitigation of seismic event impacts and the protection of lives and infrastructure.

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Section: Study Area and Seismotectonic Settingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ionospheric Total Electron Content (TEC) Anomalies as Earthquake Precursors: Unveiling the Geophysical Connection Leading to the 2023 Moroccan 6.8 Mw Earthquake

Nayak,

López-Urías,

Romero-Andrade

et al. 2023

Geosciences

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“…Three-dimensional coseismic surface deformation information about the Turkey double earthquakes has been obtained using the POT method and small-baseline subset persistent scatterer interferometry (SPC) methods [27]. Based on the deformation field and coseismic slip distribution of the two earthquakes, some prior researchers have conducted an in-depth analysis of the mutual triggering relationships among the Pazarcik, Elbistan, and Uzunba g earthquakes, and the impact of these earthquakes on the geological faults near the epicenter of the Pazarcik earthquake [2,28].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Coseismic Slip Distribution and Coulomb Stress Change of the 2023 MW 7.8 Pazarcik and MW 7.5 Elbistan Earthquakes in Turkey

Dai,

Liu,

Liu

et al. 2024

Remote Sensing

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On 6 February 2023, the MW 7.8 Pazarcik and the MW 7.5 Elbistan earthquakes occurred in southeastern Turkey, close to the Syrian border, causing many deaths and a great deal of property destruction. The Pazarcik earthquake mainly damaged the East Anatolian Fault Zone (EAFZ). The Elbistan earthquake mainly damaged the Cardak fault (CF) and the Doğanşehir fault (DF). In this study, Sentinel-1A ascending (ASC) and descending (DES) orbit image data and pixel offset tracking (POT) were used to derive surface deformation fields in the range and azimuth directions induced by the Pazarcik and Elbistan earthquakes (hereinafter referred to as the Turkey double earthquakes). Utilizing GPS coordinate sequence data, we computed the three-dimensional surface deformation resulting from the Turkey double earthquakes. The surface deformation InSAR and GPS results were combined to invert the coseismic slip distribution of the EAFZ, CF, and DF using a layered earth model. The results show that the coseismic ruptures of the Turkey double earthquakes were dominated by left-lateral strike-slips. The maximum slip was 7.76 m on the EAFZ and about 8.2 m on the CF. Both the earthquakes ruptured the surface. The Coulomb failure stress (CFS) was computed based on the fault slip distribution and the geometric parameters of all the active faults within 300 km of the MW 7.8 Pazarcik earthquake’s epicenter. The CFS change resulting from the Pazarcik earthquake suggests that the subsequent Elbistan earthquake was triggered by the Pazarcik earthquake. The Antakya fault experienced an increase in CFS of 8.4 bars during this double-earthquake event. Therefore, the MW 6.3 Uzunbağ earthquake on 20 February 2023 was jointly influenced by the Turkey double earthquakes. Through stress analysis of all the active faults within 300 km of the MW 7.8 Pazarcik earthquake’s epicenter, the Ecemis segment, Camliyayla fault, Aadag fault, Ayvali fault, and Pula segment were all found to be under stress loading. Particularly, the Ayvali fault and Pula segment exhibited conspicuous stress loading, signaling a higher risk of future seismic activity.

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“…These data were then used to detect and analyze changes on the ground surface. An et al [15] combined horizontal deformation data from optical images with range and azimuthal offsets from SAR images to develop a comprehensive 3D deformation field for the 2023 Turkey earthquake sequence. The results indicated that the deformation of the Turkish earthquakes was predominantly oriented in an east-west direction.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of Earthquake Damage and Economic Recovery in Hatay Province, Turkey Using Nighttime Light Data

Li,

Liao,

Zhang

et al. 2024

Preprint

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The catastrophic twin earthquakes that struck southern Turkey and northern Syria on February 6 2023, caused massive casualties and extensive damage to infrastructure, with the province of Hatay bearing the brunt of the impact. To investigate the potential of nighttime light (NTL) data for earthquake disaster assessment, we performed an analysis of pre- and post-earthquake NPP-VIIRS and SDGSAT-1 NTL data. The NTL change ratio (NCR) was employed to identify the extent of damage in Hatay Province following the earthquake to assess the impact on affected buildings and populations. NPP-VIIRS daily NTL Time-series data was used to establish an economic recovery framework for earthquake disasters in Hatay Province, assessing regional economic recovery after earthquake. The results revealed a strong correlation between the total reduced NTLs of NPP-VIIRS and SDGSAT-1 and the presence of severely and moderately damaged buildings. Conversely, the correlation with slightly damaged buildings was relatively weaker. Furthermore, the reduced NTLs of NPP-VIIRS provide a more precise identification of all earthquake damage compared to the SDGSAT-1 data, achieving an overall accuracy of 86.21% in earthquake damage identification and a Kappa coefficient of 0.72. In accordance with the earthquake economic recovery framework, as of the end of March 2024, neither the provincial economy nor any of its districts have fully restored to their pre-earthquake levels. The findings offered new and valuable insights into earthquake disaster assessment, assisting decision-makers in accurately assessing the level of disaster risk following an earthquake and efficiently allocating post-earthquake relief funds.

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Three-Dimensional Deformation of the 2023 Turkey Mw 7.8 and Mw 7.7 Earthquake Sequence Obtained by Fusing Optical and SAR Images

Cited by 24 publications

References 38 publications

Ionospheric Total Electron Content (TEC) Anomalies as Earthquake Precursors: Unveiling the Geophysical Connection Leading to the 2023 Moroccan 6.8 Mw Earthquake

Ionospheric Total Electron Content (TEC) Anomalies as Earthquake Precursors: Unveiling the Geophysical Connection Leading to the 2023 Moroccan 6.8 Mw Earthquake

Coseismic Slip Distribution and Coulomb Stress Change of the 2023 MW 7.8 Pazarcik and MW 7.5 Elbistan Earthquakes in Turkey

Assessment of Earthquake Damage and Economic Recovery in Hatay Province, Turkey Using Nighttime Light Data

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