Three-Dimensional Evaluation of Dental Arches in Individuals with Syndromic Craniosynostosis

Abstract

Objective. Individuals with syndromic craniosynostosis present alterations in the dental arches due to anomalies caused by the early fusion of the craniomaxillary sutures. This study aimed to compare intradental and interdental dimensions between individuals with Apert and Crouzon syndromes and nonsyndromic controls. Materials and Methods. Digital models were obtained from the archive of a public tertiary care hospital. The sample consisted of 34 patients (Apert n = 18, Crouzon n = 16) and 34 nonsyndromic controls matched for gender and age. Measurements of perimeter, length, intercanine and intermolar distances (upper and lower), overjet, and molar ratio were performed. Statistical comparisons were performed using ANOVA and Tukey tests p < 0.05 . Results. Patients with Apert and Crouzon syndromes have severely reduced maxillary transverse dimensions, perimeter, and length of the upper arch compared to the control group p < 0.001 . The lower arch is less impacted. Patients with Apert syndrome had an anterior crossbite p < 0.001 , while patients with Crouzon syndrome had an edge-to-edge bite p < 0.011 . Patients with Apert and Crouzon syndromes do not have serious transverse proportion problems when comparing the upper and lower arches. Conclusions. In this sample, both the Apert and Crouzon groups have severely compromised upper arches compared to the control group. Mild dentoalveolar expansion in the maxilla should be sufficient for the transverse adaptation of the dental arches before frontofacial advancement.

Dynamic Morphological Growth Trajectory of Crouzon Population: A Geometric Morphometric Analysis

“…Of note, the cohort in this study ranged from infanthood to adulthood, allowing comprehensive and chronological development. Our study suggested that maxillary retrusion rapidly aggravated during the 3 to 6 years old, which corroborates with what Lu et al found, confirming that therapeutic interventions, including surgical advancement 22 or nonsurgical orthodontic maxillary expansion 23,24 should be initiated to slow pathologic deterioration. The delay of mandibular rapid aggravation indicates mandibular counterclockwise rotation might be triggered by maxillary retrusion and the covariation of maxillary and mandibular morphological variation should be further investigated to determine whether intervention should be enforced on the mandible independently or not.…”

FGFR2 gene Related Apert and Crouzon Syndrome Patients with Different Craniofacial Dysmorphisms: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

“…and CSs had an edge-to-edge bite (p < 0.001) (Pinto et al, 2023). CSs tend to have shorter and atter cranial bases, smaller orbital volumes, and cleft palates.…”

“…The anterior maxillary region is more affected in AS patients than in HCs but less affected in CS patients. ASs had an anterior crossbite (p < 0.001), and CSs had an edge-to-edge bite (p < 0.011)(Pinto et al, 2023).Compared with CS patients, AS patients were found to have clinical features of limb malformations. Increased mandibular asymmetry, increased lower facial height ratios, decreased transverse dimensions, an increased inclination of the palatal plane, and a more protruding mandible were observed in the AS patients.…”

“…Several syndromes are associated with the FGFR2 gene. These phenotypes also include Antley Bixler syndrome, Beare Stevenson syndrome with cutis gyrata, Pfeiffer syndrome, Jackson Weiss syndrome, and Saethre Chotzen syndrome clinically classi ed as additional digital anomalies, skin furrows and skeletal bowing and synostoses (Kiziltug et al, 2023;Pinto et al, 2023;Stanton et al, 2022).…”