Three-Dimensional Eye Tracking in a Surgical Scenario

Bogdanova, Rositsa; Boulanger, Pierre; Zheng, Bin

doi:10.1177/1553350615573581

Cited by 10 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…Over the last decade, eye tracking systems have been developed and used in many fields such as in driving simulators [Alberti et al 2012], in human computer interaction [Majaranta and Bulling 2014] in medical applications to improve teaching [Chetwood et al 2012] and teamwork [Bogdanova et al 2015], in marketing [Rosbergen et al 1997], standard oculography [van der Geest and Frens 2002;Weber et al 2009] and many more [Popelka et al 2012;Staudte and Crocker 2008;. These applications attest the large variety of information that can be interpreted from eye tracking data.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of accuracy for target detection in 3D-space using eye tracking and computer vision

Leroux

Achiche

Raison

2017

Preprint

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Over the last decade, eye tracking systems have been developed and used in many fields, mostly to identify targets on a screen, i.e. a plane. For novel applications such as the control of robotic devices by the user vision, there is a great interest in developing methods base on eye tracking to identify target points in free three dimensional environments. The objective of this paper is to characterise the accuracy the eye tracking and computer vision combination that was designed recently to overcome many limitations of eye tracking in 3D space. We propose a characterization protocol to assess the behavior of the accuracy of the system over the workspace of a robotic manipulator assistant. Applying this protocol to 33 subjects, we estimated the behavior of the error of the system relatively to the target position on a cylindrical workspace and to the acquisition time. Over our workspace, targets are located on average at 0.84 m and our method shows an accuracy 12.65 times better than the calculation of the 3D point of gaze. With the current accuracy, many potential applications become possible, such as visually controlled robotic assistants in the field of rehabilitation and adaptation engineering.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of accuracy for target detection in 3D-space using eye tracking and computer vision

Leroux

Achiche

Raison

2017

Preprint

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“…Today, 3D computing technology allows virtual images and objects to be created and displayed such that the user can navigate within and interact with the virtual reality environment (Vince, 2004). Applications of virtual reality are implemented in the military, phobia therapy, entertainment (Bowman & McMahan, 2007), medical surgery simulation (Bogdanova, Boulanger, & Zheng, 2015), and manufacturing (Nee, Ong, Chryssolouris, & Mourtzis, 2012) where interaction with virtual images and objects is needed. In virtual reality applications, pointing to a virtual object is typically achieved with an input device that acts as an intermediary between the users and the graphical object being pointed to.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…One common display technology used in virtual reality systems is the stereoscopic display, in which users are able to see 3D virtual objects at different depths from the eye. The depth perception is based on the binocular disparity of vision, which is defined by the positional difference between two retina projections on the fixation points in the fovea (Bogdanova, Boulanger, & Zheng, 2015). When the eyes see the objects from different angles, the eyeballs rotate inwards (converge) and outwards (diverge), and the two optical axes meet, allowing the viewer to perceive the depths of objects at different distances (Bogdanova, Boulanger, & Zheng, 2015).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The depth perception is based on the binocular disparity of vision, which is defined by the positional difference between two retina projections on the fixation points in the fovea (Bogdanova, Boulanger, & Zheng, 2015). When the eyes see the objects from different angles, the eyeballs rotate inwards (converge) and outwards (diverge), and the two optical axes meet, allowing the viewer to perceive the depths of objects at different distances (Bogdanova, Boulanger, & Zheng, 2015). During eye pointing in stereoscopic viewing, this convergence may be affected immediately after the eye tries to point to a certain target.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Eye Pointing in Stereoscopic Displays

Lin

Widyaningrum

2016

JEMR

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This study investigated eye pointing in stereoscopic displays. Ten participants performed 18 tapping tasks in stereoscopic displays with three different levels of parallax (at the screen, 20 cm and 50 cm in front of the screen). The results showed that parallax had significant effects on hand movement time, eye movement time, index of performance in hand click and eye gaze. The movement time was shorter and the performance was better when the target was at the screen, compared to the conditions when the targets were seen at 20 cm and 50 cm in front of the screen. Furthermore, the findings of this study supports that the eye movement in stereoscopic displays follows the Fitts’ law. The proposed algorithm was effective on the eye gaze selection to improve the good fit of eye movement in stereoscopic displays.

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“…Extended from our previous eye-tracking studies on individuals performing simulated surgical tasks, 16–19 certain types of eye movements have been found to correlate with team performance 20–22 . For example, our prior studies have investigated using fixation (the sustained visual gaze upon a single point) to describe attention (the process of selecting a subset from all of the available information for further processing) and saccade (rapid eye movement) to describe attention shift (shift of visual attention), respectively 17,23–25 .…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Synchronization of Pupil Dilations Correlates With Team Performance in a Simulated Laparoscopic Team Coordination Task

He¹,

Jiang²,

Zheng³

2021

Sim Healthcare

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Background: Modern surgery crucially relies on teamwork between surgeons and assistants. The science of teamwork has been and is being studied extensively although the use of specific objective methodologies such as shared pupil dilations has not been studied as sufficiently as subjective methods. In this study, we investigated team members' shared pupil dilations as a surrogate for surgeon's team performance during a simulated laparoscopic procedure. Methods: Fourteen subjects formed dyad teams to perform a simulated laparoscopic object transportation task. Both team members' pupil dilation and eye gaze were tracked simultaneously during the procedure. Video analysis was used to identify key event movement landmarks for subtask segmentation to facilitate data analysis. Three levels of each teams' performance were determined according to task completion time and accuracy (object dropping times). The determined coefficient of determination (R 2 ) was used to calculate the similarity in pupil dilations between 2 individual members' pupil diameters in each team. A mixed-design analysis of variance was conducted to explore how team performance level and task type were correlated to joint pupil dilation. Results: The results showed that pupil dilations of higher performance teams were more synchronized, with significantly higher similarities (R 2 ) in pupil dilation patterns between team members than those of lower performance teams (0.36 ± 0.22 vs. 0.21 ± 0.14, P < 0.001). Conclusions: Levels of pupil dilation synchronization presented among teams reflect differences in performance levels while executing simulated laparoscopic tasks; this demonstrated the potential of using joint pupil dilation as an objective indicator of surgical teamwork performance.

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Three-Dimensional Eye Tracking in a Surgical Scenario

Cited by 10 publications

References 24 publications

Assessment of accuracy for target detection in 3D-space using eye tracking and computer vision

Assessment of accuracy for target detection in 3D-space using eye tracking and computer vision

Eye Pointing in Stereoscopic Displays

Synchronization of Pupil Dilations Correlates With Team Performance in a Simulated Laparoscopic Team Coordination Task

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