“…Some of the inundation events have been really dramatic: the catastrophic inundation of subway stations in Seoul following a heavy rainfall, in 1998, South Korea; the catastrophic flooding of Taipei metro system following the typhoon Nari, in 2001; the serious inundation of Yinzuo underground mall in Jinan City following an exceptional rainfall and dike break, in 2007, China; the flooding in New York and its subway system that was caused by the hurricane Sandy, in 2012, USA; and, at present, the flooding of subway stations in Guangzhou, in May 2016, China and the serious inundation of subway stations and underground parking lots in Wuhan City in July 2016, China. As a result, more and more scientists and engineers around the world have been working on studying urban waterlogging and flooding [12][13][14][15][16], particularly underground flood problems [17].…”