Three-dimensional microhabitat use by young pool-dwelling Atlantic salmon and brown trout

Bremset, Gunnbjørn; Berg, Ole Kristian

doi:10.1006/anbe.1999.1218

Cited by 54 publications

(49 citation statements)

References 47 publications

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“…Bohlin 1977;Heggenes 1988;Bremset and Berg 1999;Girard et al 2004), utilisation of stream habitats was associated with body-size. This pattern was apparent in both the age-0 and the age ¸1 cohorts, with large individuals holding position in deeper habitats.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…riZes and marginal habitats close to the stream bank), while old individuals hold position in deep habitats, more centrally located in the stream-channel (e.g. Bohlin 1977;Bremset and Berg 1999). This is commonly referred to as the "bigger-Wsh-deeper-habitat relationship" and may involve several underlying processes (Mäki-Petäys et al 1997).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Habitat exclusion and reduced growth: a field experiment on the effects of inter-cohort competition in young-of-the-year brown trout

2012

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Competition during the juvenile phase is a key process for regulating density in organisms with high fecundity. Juvenile density-dependent bottlenecks may become even more pronounced if several cohorts compete, but this has received relatively limited attention in previous literature. We performed a manipulation experiment in seven coastal streams to investigate the presence of inter-cohort competition, using habitat selection, body-size and density of newly emerged (age-0) brown trout (Salmo trutta) as response variables. The trout population (age ≥ 1 fish) was estimated using electro-fishing prior to the emergence of fry (April-May) and was either removed (manipulated sections) or maintained (control sections). Age-0 habitat selection was examined in June while density and body-size was evaluated in October (end of the growth season). We found that age-0 trout selected habitats that were located further from riffles (nursery habitats) in the absence of age ≥ 1 trout, suggesting a niche overlap between cohorts in the habitat dimension and, hence, that both inter-cohort competitive interactions and ontogenetic preference may influence habitat utilisation in the wild. Furthermore, we also found age-0 body-size to be significantly larger in manipulated sections and negatively related to its own density. We argue that competition from older cohorts influence the availability of age-0 feeding territories at the critical phase of emergence with secondary negative effects on age-0 growth. These results not only have implications for understanding the mechanisms of density dependence but can also provide valuable knowledge to the management of salmonid populations and their habitats in the wild.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Habitat exclusion and reduced growth: a field experiment on the effects of inter-cohort competition in young-of-the-year brown trout

2012

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“…This behaviour obviously puts considerable constraints on the fish, and we would expect the fish living closest to the shore to be most effected. The smallest parr (YOY) normally occupy the habitat with lowest water velocity and depth (Bremset and Berg, 1999). Consequently, the highly variable discharge in these months may explain some of the observed loss of energy, especially in the smallest parr during this period.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The influence of hydroelectric power generation on the body composition of juvenile Atlantic salmon

Berg¹,

Arnekleiv²,

Lohrmann³

2006

River Res. Applic.

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The fat and protein content, and thus energy resources of young (parr) Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) were examined in a temperate river. Juvenile salmon exhibited distinct seasonal patterns of energy storage and use. The lowest levels of energy were found towards the end of winter (mean mass specific energy about 4.3 kJÁg À1). There was a rapid accumulation of fat in spring/ early summer in spite of low-water temperatures (highest mean content of mass specific energy of about 5.0 kJÁg À1 in June). By early autumn (August) there was a rapid depletion of fat and energy resources. The decline in specific energy during late summer was of the same magnitude as the corresponding winter decline. Furthermore, total fat and protein content, and thus energy resources of juveniles below a hydroelectric power plant (hydrostation (HS)) differed from those at a (lower) reference station (RS). The younger fish exhibited higher gains, but also larger losses of energy resources compared to corresponding values at the RS. Specifically during the summer, young of year (YOY) had 31% lower total energy content at the regulated site (mean 1.27 kJ per individual) than the RS (mean 1.84 kJ). Higher mortality may occur at the site most affected by the hydroelectric plant, where energy resources on average were higher, but where depletion was also most severe.

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“…Habitat characteristics of anadromous salmon living in sympatry with brown trout in Rivers Tovdalselva, Vindøla, and Humla (c.f. Bremset & Berg 1999) were compared with those of allopatric salmon (River Ogna). The observations in the sympatric rivers were carried out in late summer in 1994 (Tovdalselva: August 18th, Vindøla: July 30th, Humla: August 11th), while observations in allopatric River Ogna were carried out in mid-August 2005.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Sympatric Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) and brown trout (Salmo trutta) parr are segregated in rivers and streams, with trout predominantly holding positions in slow-flowing areas close to the river bank, whereas salmon are found at longer distances from the river bank (Heggberget 1991), in deeper (Bremset & Berg 1999;Linnansaari 2003;Linnansaari et al 2010) at places with swifter currents and closer to the river bed (e.g., Bremset & Heggenes 2001). This segregation has been explained by competition for profitable feeding places (Heggenes et al 1999;Nislow et al 2011).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Selective segregation in intraspecific competition between juvenile Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) and brown trout (Salmo trutta)

Berg

Bremset

Puffer

et al. 2013

Ecology of Freshwater Fish

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Interactive segregation has been suggested as the ruling competition mechanism determining niche and niche segregation between juvenile Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) and brown trout (Salmo trutta). Results from allopatry-sympatry observations of habitat use in both nature and in experiments were contrary to predictions derived from the interactive segregation hypothesis. Habitat use parameters under natural conditions such as distance to shore for Atlantic salmon parr were nearly identical in allopatric (mean AE SD; 3.2 AE 1.4 m) and sympatric (3.3 AE 1.4 m) situations. Occupied water depths largely reflected available water, but water depths <15 cm were avoided by salmon parr. Under experimental conditions, habitat use of allopatric salmon was density independent and salmon size had only minor effects, with smaller fish being more likely to occur in the shallow. Habitat use of salmon in sympatry with trout did not differ from allopatric salmon habitat use, and only salmon size had minor effects on depth choice -occurrence of trout or fish density had no effect. Allopatric trout was in general more frequent in the shallow habitat than salmon. Habitat use of sympatric trout was affected by the occurrence of salmon and trout size, resulting in a higher use of the shallow habitats for small trout. To conclude, selective segregation has a dominant role in salmon habitat use (not affected by trout occurrence), whereas a mixed situation occurs in trout habitat use with elements of interactive segregation when competing with Atlantic salmon (affected by salmon occurrence).

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Three-dimensional microhabitat use by young pool-dwelling Atlantic salmon and brown trout

Cited by 54 publications

References 47 publications

Habitat exclusion and reduced growth: a field experiment on the effects of inter-cohort competition in young-of-the-year brown trout

Habitat exclusion and reduced growth: a field experiment on the effects of inter-cohort competition in young-of-the-year brown trout

The influence of hydroelectric power generation on the body composition of juvenile Atlantic salmon

Selective segregation in intraspecific competition between juvenile Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) and brown trout (Salmo trutta)

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