Three-dimensional noncontact manipulation by opposite ultrasonic phased arrays

Hoshi, Takayuki; Ochiai, Yoichi; Rekimoto, Jun

doi:10.7567/jjap.53.07ke07

Cited by 83 publications

(59 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…Their prototype consisted of an array of 324, 40kHz ultrasound transducers where the phase and intensity of each transducer were controlled individually based on the analysis of EQ3 to generate an acoustic force of 16mN over 20mm. The same group went on to develop this into a series of acoustic levitation devices, the first of which was reported in the 2014 publication Three-dimensional noncontact manipulation by opposite ultrasonic phased arrays [31] in which two arrays of ultrasonic transducers were arranged opposite each other to generate a localized standing wave at arbitrary positions utilising the so called phased-array focusing technique. This technique generates a focal point at a specific position by determining the path difference between the 0-th and n-th transducers and using the speed of sound within air to find an appropriate time delay as given by equation [EQ3].…”

Section: The Polystyrene Particle Yearsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Beyond the Langevin horn: Transducer arrays for the acoustic levitation of liquid drops

et al. 2019

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The acoustic levitation of liquid drops has been a key phenomenon for more than 40 years, driven partly by the ability to mimic a microgravity environment. It has seen more than 700 research articles published in this time and has seen a recent resurgence in the past 5 years thanks to low cost developments. As well as investigating the basic physics of levitated drops, acoustic levitation has been touted for container free delivery of samples to a variety of measurements systems, most notably in various spectroscopy techniques including Raman, Fourier Transform InfraRed (FTIR) in addition to numerous X-Ray techniques. For 30 years the workhorse of the acoustic levitation apparatus was a stack comprising a piezoelectric transducer coupled to a horn shaped radiative element often referred to as the Langevin horn. Decades of effort have been dedicated to such devices, paired with a matching and opposing device or a reflector, but they have a significant dependence on temperature and require precision alignment. The last decade has seen a significant shift away from these in favour of arrays of digitally driven, inexpensive transducers, giving a new dynamic to the topic which we review herein.

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Section: The Polystyrene Particle Yearsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Beyond the Langevin horn: Transducer arrays for the acoustic levitation of liquid drops

et al. 2019

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“…Ultrasonic arrays can be used to create sound fields with the required high intensity. Since practical implementations are often restricted to a single constant amplitude, many formulations only vary the phase of the individual transducer feeds [2], [8], [9], [10]. The optimal relative phase shifts that evoke a sound field with a levitation trap can be found using numerical optimization.…”

Section: Acoustical Trapsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Method for Simultaneous Creation of an Acoustic Trap and a Quiet Zone

Andersson

Ahrens

2018

2018 IEEE 10th Sensor Array and Multichannel Signal Processing Workshop (SAM)

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An acoustical levitation trap can be created by maximizing the Laplacian of the Gor'kov potential and minimizing the pressure at a given location. Marzo et al. have successfully used Broyden-Fletcher-Goldfarb-Shanno minimization to find the phases to be imposed on the elements of an ultrasonic transducer array to create the required pressure field. We extend this method to create a field with one acoustical trap and a quiet zone at a different location. This can be used to, for example, create an independent second trap at the location of the quiet zone. We show through numerical simulations that it is possible to create such sound fields using ultrasonic arrays, and we demonstrate the advantages of the proposed approach over the direct design of a sound field with more than one trap. Our method can create a quiet zone extending almost two wavelengths without affecting the levitation trap.

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“…Providing haptic feedback in a larger workspace is nonetheless beneficial for a natural and rich interaction in virtual environments. To do so, researchers have proposed different solutions, such as using larger arrays [7], [8], or linking multiple arrays in co-planar [9], [10], non co-planar [11], [12], opposing [13], and surrounding [14], [15] configurations. However, all these systems suffer major drawbacks due to their high cost, complex control, high power requirements, bulkiness, and limited reconfigurability.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

PUMAH: Pan-Tilt Ultrasound Mid-Air Haptics for Larger Interaction Workspace in Virtual Reality

Howard

Marchal

Lécuyer

et al. 2020

IEEE Trans. Haptics

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Mid-air haptic interfaces are promising tools for providing tactile feedback in Virtual Reality (VR) applications, as they do not require the user to be tethered to, hold, or wear any system or device. Currently, focused ultrasound phased arrays are the most mature solution for providing mid-air haptic feedback. They modulate the phase of an array of ultrasound emitters so as to generate focused points of oscillating high pressure, eliciting vibrotactile sensations when encountering a user's skin. While these arrays feature a reasonably large vertical workspace, they are not capable of displaying stimuli far beyond their horizontal limits, severely limiting their workspace in the lateral dimensions. In this paper, we propose an innovative low-cost solution for enlarging the workspace of focused ultrasound arrays. It features 2 degrees of freedom, rotating the array around the pan and tilt axes, thereby significantly increasing the usable workspace and enabling multi-directional feedback. Our hardware tests and human subject study in an ecological VR setting show a 14-fold increase in workspace volume, with focal point repositioning speeds over 0.85m/s while delivering tactile feedback with positional accuracy below 18mm. Finally, we propose a representative use case to exemplify the potential of our system for VR applications.

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Three-dimensional noncontact manipulation by opposite ultrasonic phased arrays

Cited by 83 publications

References 34 publications

Beyond the Langevin horn: Transducer arrays for the acoustic levitation of liquid drops

Beyond the Langevin horn: Transducer arrays for the acoustic levitation of liquid drops

A Method for Simultaneous Creation of an Acoustic Trap and a Quiet Zone

PUMAH: Pan-Tilt Ultrasound Mid-Air Haptics for Larger Interaction Workspace in Virtual Reality

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