Three-dimensional numerical simulation of blood flow in the aortic arch during cardiopulmonary bypass

Abstract

This study confirmed that blood flow during cardiopulmonary bypass can be simulated and visualized. Computational fluid dynamics could be applied in the future to assess an individual's risk of stroke. Further multiple representative cases need to be simulated.

Pulsatile extracorporeal circulation during on-pump cardiac surgery enhances aortic wall shear stress

“…Means of computational fluid dynamics have been shown to be worth to simulate flow profiles not only under physiological conditions (Lei et al, 1995;Wood et al, 2001;Shahcheragi et al, 2002;Lee and Chen, 2002), but also under ECC conditions. Recent studies revealed important information on flow patterns after direct canulation of the ascending aorta (Tokuda et al, 2008;Fukuda et al, 2009) as opposed to the axillary artery (Kaufmann et al, 2009a). Our group has recently published a comparative analysis of antegrade versus retrograde perfusion in idealized geometries (Assmann et al, 2009) and optimized outlet boundary definitions for the simulation of aortic blood flow profiles under ECC conditions (Benim et al, 2011a).…”

Aortic Outflow Cannula Tip Design and Orientation Impacts Cerebral Perfusion During Pediatric Cardiopulmonary Bypass Procedures

“…The aortic cannula must ideally be placed high up in the ascending aorta 10 but improper technique can occasionally result in profuse bleeding as a result of improper cannula placement. To date, CPB has been studied in regard to clinical stroke-risk, 2 but there have been few reported studies of the detailed fluid dynamics associated with aortic cannulation, 15,16,31,40 all underscoring the association of biomechanical risks with aortic cannulation. Despite advances in surgical techniques leading to decreased mortality after repair of complex congenital cardiac conditions, neurologic morbility is still significant.…”

Numerical Simulation in Aortic Arch Aneurysm

“…Furthermore, the three aortic arch branches which emerge in different planes are likely to have a large impact on the flow field. A few computational studies have been made of steady and unsteady blood flow in the human aortic arch (Shahcheraghi et al, 2002;Tokuda et al, 2008). The simulation results demonstrate that the primary flow velocity is skewed towards the inner aortic wall in the ascending aorta, but this skewness shifts to the outer wall in the descending thoracic aorta.…”

“…Computer modeling has made impressive progress in scientific, engineering, biological and medical applications in recent years and it offers the prospect of providing both a better insight into a range of biomechanical problems and improved tools for the design of medical devices and the diagnosis of pathologies. Computational methods such as mathematical modeling methods (Rideout, 1991;Rupnic & Runvovc, 2002;Abdolrazaghi et al, 2008), computational fluid dynamics methods, (Botnar et al, 2000;Shahcheraghi et al, 2002;Tokuda et al 2008) loosely coupled methods (Di Mrrtino et al, 2001;Gao et al, 2006abc) have been used to simulate the biomechanical problems in arotic arch and aortic arch aneurysm. The aim of this chapter is to describe the numerical simulation and computer modeling work in aortic arch aneurysm.…”