Three-Dimensional Numerical Simulation of Meso-Scale-Void Formation during the Mold-Filling Process of LCM

Zhao, Chunyang; Yang, Bo; Wang, Shilong; Ma, Chi; Wang, Sibao; Bi, Fengyang

doi:10.1007/s10443-019-09770-w

Cited by 13 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…In addition, the resin composition, placement of fiber reinforcement, and processing conditions should be optimized to achieve the desired mechanical properties. This can be achieved through a combination of experimental testing, numerical modeling, and material characterization techniques [126][127][128].…”

Section: Current Research Gaps and Future Research Outlookmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rapid Impregnating Resins for Fiber-Reinforced Composites Used in the Automobile Industry

Li,

Mo,

Lee

et al. 2023

Polymers

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As environmental regulations become stricter, weight- and cost-effective fiber-reinforced polymer composites are being considered as alternative materials in the automobile industry. Rapidly impregnating resin into the reinforcing fibers is critical during liquid composite molding, and the optimization of resin impregnation is related to the cycle time and quality of the products. In this review, various resins capable of rapid impregnation, including thermoset and thermoplastic resins, are discussed for manufacturing fiber-reinforced composites used in the automobile industry, along with their advantages and disadvantages. Finally, vital factors and perspectives for developing rapidly impregnated resin-based fiber-reinforced composites for automobile applications are discussed.

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Section: Current Research Gaps and Future Research Outlookmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rapid Impregnating Resins for Fiber-Reinforced Composites Used in the Automobile Industry

Li,

Mo,

Lee

et al. 2023

Polymers

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“…This allowed them to observe infusion of a woven fabric on a micron-scale, shown in Figure 3C, which were coupled to numerical simulations. Zhao et al (Zhao et al, 2019) and Matsuzaki et al (Matsuzaki et al, 2014) followed a similar approach in their studies on void formation and were able to accurately record capillary fingering and void formation upon the impregnation of a woven preform at a range of velocities falling in the capillary-dominated regime. This allowed them to accurately capture the void formation and evolution with the use of in-situ optical microscopy.…”

Section: Transparent Fiber Reinforced Polymersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Capillary Effects in Fiber Reinforced Polymer Composite Processing: A Review

et al. 2022

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Capillarity plays a crucial role in many natural and engineered systems, ranging from nutrient delivery in plants to functional textiles for wear comfort or thermal heat pipes for heat dissipation. Unlike nano- or microfluidic systems with well-defined pore network geometries and well-understood capillary flow, fiber textiles or preforms used in composite structures exhibit highly anisotropic pore networks that span from micron scale pores between fibers to millimeter scale pores between fiber yarns that are woven or stitched into a textile preform. Owing to the nature of the composite manufacturing processes, capillary action taking place in the complex network is usually coupled with hydrodynamics as well as the (chemo) rheology of the polymer matrices; these phenomena are known to play a crucial role in producing high quality composites. Despite its importance, the role of capillary effects in composite processing largely remained overlooked. Their magnitude is indeed rather low as compared to hydrodynamic effects, and it is difficult to characterize them due to a lack of adequate monitoring techniques to capture the time and spatial scale on which the capillary effects take place. There is a renewed interest in this topic, due to a combination of increasing demand for high performance composites and recent advances in experimental techniques as well as numerical modeling methods. The present review covers the developments in the identification, measurement and exploitation of capillary effects in composite manufacturing. A special focus is placed on Liquid Composite Molding processes, where a dry stack is impregnated with a low viscosity thermoset resin mainly via in-plane flow, thus exacerbating the capillary effects within the anisotropic pore network of the reinforcements. Experimental techniques to investigate the capillary effects and their evolution from post-mortem analyses to in-situ/rapid techniques compatible with both translucent and non-translucent reinforcements are reviewed. Approaches to control and enhance the capillary effects for improving composite quality are then introduced. This is complemented by a survey of numerical techniques to incorporate capillary effects in process simulation, material characterization and by the remaining challenges in the study of capillary effects in composite manufacturing.

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“…Compared with traditional homogeneous materials, random micro fiber-reinforced composites exhibit excellent toughness, which have been widely used in both composite sheet molding and bulk molding compounds [1][2][3][4]. One of the important influencing factors in evaluating mechanical properties of composites is the existence of primary pore defects that are introduced inevitably during material processing [5][6][7]. Pore defects not only have a significant effect on the mechanical properties [8][9] of a composite, but also increase uncertainty of damage evolution in the composite [10][11][12].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A new two-step modeling strategy for random micro-fiber reinforced composites with consideration of primary pores

Cai

Shi

et al. 2022

Composites Science and Technology

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Three-Dimensional Numerical Simulation of Meso-Scale-Void Formation during the Mold-Filling Process of LCM

Cited by 13 publications

References 38 publications

Rapid Impregnating Resins for Fiber-Reinforced Composites Used in the Automobile Industry

Rapid Impregnating Resins for Fiber-Reinforced Composites Used in the Automobile Industry

Capillary Effects in Fiber Reinforced Polymer Composite Processing: A Review

A new two-step modeling strategy for random micro-fiber reinforced composites with consideration of primary pores

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