Three-dimensional ordered porous electrode materials for electrochemical energy storage

Abstract

The past decade has witnessed substantial advances in the synthesis of various electrode materials with threedimensional (3D) ordered macroporous or mesoporous structures (the so-called "inverse opals") for applications in electrochemical energy storage devices. This review summarizes recent advancements in 3D ordered porous (3DOP) electrode materials and their unusual electrochemical properties endowed by their intrinsic and geometric structures. The 3DOP electrode materials discussed here mainly include carbon materials, transition metal oxides (such as TiO 2 , SnO 2 , Co 3 O 4 , NiO, Fe 2 O 3 , V 2 O 5 , Cu 2 O, MnO 2 , and GeO 2), transition metal dichalcogenides (such as MoS 2 and WS 2), elementary substances (such as Si, Ge, and Au), intercalation compounds (such as Li 4 Ti 5 O 12 , LiCoO 2 , LiMn 2 O 4 , LiFePO 4), and conductive polymers (polypyrrole and polyaniline). Representative applications of these materials in Li ion batteries, aqueous rechargeable lithium batteries, Li-S batteries, Li-O 2 batteries, and supercapacitors are presented. Particular focus is placed on how ordered porous structures influence the electrochemical performance of electrode materials. Additionally, we discuss research opportunities as well as the current challenges to facilitate further contributions to this emerging research frontier.

A Carbon Nanotube Packed Bed Electrode for Small Molecule Electrosorption: An Electrochemical and Chromatographic Approach for Process Description

“…Even if the innovative material is already broadly applied [38][39][40][41][42] and has decisive advantages compared to other conductive stationary phases, its use for PCC is still in its infancy. Descriptions of the behavior of the particulate MWCNT matrix under the influence of an electrical potential are required and multiscale concepts for analyzing the relation between electrical current, mobile phase and column capacity are essential for developing a process convertible to the technical scale [43,44]. To fill this gap, we present here a characterization of the particulate MWCNT electrode in an aqueous system.…”

Phosphaviologen‐Based Pyrene‐Carbon Nanotube Composites for Stable Battery Electrodes

“…Swelling inorganic lattices generates significant amounts of heat, therefore discharging rates must be limited for safety reasons and to prevent degradation. Capacity fading is typically observed as the mechanical forces degrade the electrode structure . For these reasons, mechanically resilient and environmentally benign electrode materials are highly sought after.…”

Effect of Redox Additive Electrolyte on the Electrochemical Performance of MnO2 Nanorods for Supercapacitor Application

“…Commonly pseudocapacitor electrodes are made up of metal oxides such as NiO [2], RuO 2 [3], Co 3 O 4 [4], MnO 2 [5], TiO 2 [6], CeO 2 [7] etc. Among the various transition metal oxides, manganese oxide has gained great deal of attention as a pseudocapacitor electrode material due to its superior supercapacitor performance, low-cost and environmental compatibility [8]. Normally, one-dimensional nanorod possess high surface area than other types of nanomaterials and it is a key component to achieve high specific capacitance.…”