Three-Dimensional Perovskite Nanopixels for Ultrahigh-Resolution Color Displays and Multilevel Anticounterfeiting

Abstract

Hybrid perovskites are emerging as a promising, high-performance luminescent material; however, the technological challenges associated with generating high-resolution, free-form perovskite structures remain unresolved, limiting innovation in optoelectronic devices. Here, we report nanoscale three-dimensional (3D) printing of colored perovskite pixels with programmed dimensions, placements, and emission characteristics. Notably, a meniscus comprising femtoliters of ink is used to guide a highly confined, out-of-plane crystallization process, which generates 3D red, green, and blue (RGB) perovskite nanopixels with ultrahigh integration density. We show that the 3D form of these nanopixels enhances their emission brightness without sacrificing their lateral resolution, thereby enabling the fabrication of high-resolution displays with improved brightness. Furthermore, 3D pixels can store and encode additional information into their vertical heights, providing multilevel security against counterfeiting. The proof-of-concept experiments demonstrate the potential of 3D printing to become a platform for the manufacture of smart, high-performance photonic devices without design restrictions.

Aptamer‐Functionalized Barcodes in Herringbone Microfluidics for Multiple Detection of Exosomes

“…In detail, silica colloidal crystal beads (SCCBs) were fabricated in microfluidic droplets template via confined self‐assembly process, as reported before. [ 38–40 ] Then a pregel solution comprising of polyethylene glycol diacrylate (PEGDA) and methacrylate gelatin (GelMA) was mixed and totally immersed the template SCCBs. Until the void spaces between the neighboring silica nanoparticles were fully filled with above pregel solution, the pregel mixer was polymerized and solidified under the ultraviolet (UV) light to form hydrogel‐filled hybrid SCCBs.…”

Review of Fiber-Based Three-Dimensional Printing for Applications Ranging from Nanoscale Nanoparticle Alignment to Macroscale Patterning

“…However, its printing resolution is restrained by the size of the nozzle, typically ranging from 100 μm to 1 mm. To address this issue, printing techniques such as deformation printing, which harnesses the deformation, instability, and fracture of viscoelastic ink, or meniscus-guided printing ,, have recently been investigated for production of a resolution much smaller than the nozzle size. Other efforts beyond manipulation of the material characteristics (e.g., multiphase printhead design or microfluidic innovation in extrusion) may significantly transform the printing resolutions and broaden DIW-enabled applications.…”

Metasurface-Driven Optically Variable Devices

“…In the recent decade, various optical anti-counterfeiting technologies have been studied using luminescent and photoresponsive materials such as metal–organic frameworks, − lanthanide quantum dots, photoluminescent perovskites, , dynamic fluorescent materials, − upconversion nanoparticles (UCNP), − carbon dots, , and smart inks. , These novel materials feature unique optical responses and generally allow for low-cost mass production. , However, with the advance of publicly available science and technology, material-based optical security is in danger of easy and high-quality replication. Such forgery attempts could also be forbidden by hybridizing the qualities of these novel materials with mOVDs, which could lead to much higher security levels , and larger information capacity.…”

“…In the recent decade, various optical anti-counterfeiting technologies have been studied using luminescent and photoresponsive materials such as metal−organic frameworks, 67−70 lanthanide quantum dots, 71 photoluminescent perovskites, 68,72 dynamic fluorescent materials, 73−78 upconversion nanoparticles (UCNP), 79−81 carbon dots, 82,83 and smart inks. 84,85 These novel materials feature unique optical responses and generally allow for low-cost mass production.…”