Three dimensional plotted extracellular matrix scaffolds using a rapid prototyping for tissue engineering application

Min

et al. 2020

Sci Rep

Self Cite

The aim of this study was to develop a fetal cartilage-derived progenitor cell (FCPC) based cartilage gel through self-assembly for cartilage repair surgery, with clinically useful properties including adhesiveness, plasticity, and continued chondrogenic remodeling after transplantation. characterization of the gels according to in vitro self-assembly period resulted in increased chondrogenic features over time. Adhesion strength of the cartilage gels were significantly higher compared to alginate gel, with the 2-wk group showing a near 20-fold higher strength (1.8 ± 0.15 kPa vs. 0.09 ± 0.01 kPa, p < 0.001). The in vivo remodeling process analysis of the 2 wk cultured gels showed increased cartilage repair characteristics and stiffness over time, with higher integrationfailure stress compared to osteochondral autograft controls at 4 weeks (p < 0.01). In the nonhuman primate investigation, cartilage repair scores were significantly better in the gel group compared to defects alone after 24 weeks (p < 0.001). Cell distribution analysis at 24 weeks showed that human cells remained within the transplanted defects only. A self-assembled, FCPC-based cartilage gel showed chondrogenic repair potential as well as adhesive properties, beneficial for cartilage repair.

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Engineered cartilage utilizing fetal cartilage-derived progenitor cells for cartilage repair

Min

et al. 2020

Sci Rep

Self Cite

J Biomedical Materials Res

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In addition, hydrogels, such as decellularized extracellular matrix (dECM), collagen, gelatin, with cartilage stem cells and growth factors added were proven to have biological activity suitable for stem cell growth and tissue regeneration, but their mechanical properties were weak. [11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19] By freeze drying, both of these materials can be made into porous structures 17,18 beneficial to cell growth. In further research, by gradient or graded structural designing and oriented freezing, the scaffolds' mechanical properties can be enhanced and bionically optimized.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Construction of bionic tissue engineering cartilage scaffold based on three‐dimensional printing and oriented frozen technology

Guo

Yang

et al. 2018

Articular cartilage (AC) has gradient features in both mechanics and histology as well as a poor regeneration ability. The repair of AC poses difficulties in both research and the clinic. In this paper, a gradient scaffold based on poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA)-extracellular matrix was proposed. Cartilage scaffolds with a three-layer gradient structure were fabricated by PLGA through three-dimensional printing, and the microstructure orientation and pore fabrication were made by decellularized extracellular matrix injection and directional freezing. The manufactured scaffold has a mechanical strength close to that of real cartilage. A quantitative optimization of the Young's modulus and shear modulus was achieved by material mechanics formulas, which achieved a more accurate mechanical bionic and a more stable interface performance because of the one-time molding process. At the same time, the scaffolds have a bionic and gradient microstructure orientation and pore size, and the stratification ratio can be quantitatively optimized by design of the freeze box and temperature simulation. In general, this paper provides a method to optimize AC scaffolds by both mechanics and histology as well as a bionic multimaterial scaffold. This paper is of significance for cell culture and clinical transplantation experiments. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 106A: 1664-1676, 2018.

“…These factors should possess similar mechanical strengths as natural tissues including elasticity, flexibility and recovery rate [26]. Furthermore, complex conditions are required for wellfabricated tissues or organs such as the selection of materials, cell types, growth/differentiation factors, and sensitivity of the living cells using 3D bioprinting [27,28]. Mostly, bioprinting has Figure 1.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Current status of three-dimensional printing inks for soft tissue regeneration

Kim

Jung

2016

Tissue Eng Regen Med

Recently, three-dimensional (3D) printing technologies have become an attractive manufacturing process, which is called additive manufacturing or rapid prototyping. A 3D printing system can design and fabricate 3D shapes and geometries resulting in custom 3D scaffolds in tissue engineering. In tissue regeneration and replacement, 3D printing systems have been frequently used with various biomaterials such as natural and synthetic polymers. In tissue engineering, soft tissue regeneration is very difficult because soft tissue has the properties of high elasticity, flexibility and viscosity which act as an obstacle when creating a 3D structure by stacking layer after layer of biomaterials compared to hard tissue regeneration. To overcome these limitations, many studies are trying to fabricate constructs with a very similar native micro-environmental property for a complex biofunctional scaffold with suitable biological and mechanical parameters by optimizing the biomaterials, for example, control the concentration and diversification of materials. In this review, we describe the characteristics of printing biomaterials such as hydrogel, synthetic polymer and composite type as well as recent advances in soft tissue regeneration. It is expected that 3D printed constructs will be able to replace as well as regenerate defective tissues or injured functional tissues and organs.