Three-dimensional simulated microgravity culture improves the proliferation and odontogenic differentiation of dental pulp stem cell in PLGA scaffolds implanted in mice

Abstract

Tooth regeneration through stem cell-based therapy is a promising treatment for tooth decay and loss. Human dental pulp stem cells (hDPSCs) have been widely identified as the stem cells with the most potential for tooth tissue regeneration. However, the culture of hDPSCs in vitro for tissue engineering is challenging, as cells may proliferate slowly or/and differentiate poorly in vivo. Dynamic three‑dimensional (3D) simulated microgravity (SMG) created using the rotary cell culture system is considered to an effective tool, which contributes to several cell functions. Thus, the present study aimed to investigate the effect of dynamic 3D SMG culture on the proliferation and odontogenic differentiation abilities of hDPSCs in poly (lactic‑co‑glycolic acid) (PLGA) scaffolds in nude mice. The hDPSCs on PLGA scaffolds were maintained separately in the 3D SMG culture system and static 3D cultures with osteogenic medium for 7 days in vitro. Subsequently, the cell‑PLGA complexes were implanted subcutaneously on the backs of nude mice for 4 weeks. The results of histological and immunohistochemical examinations of Ki‑67, type I collagen, dentin sialoprotein and DMP‑1 indicated that the proliferation and odontogenic differentiation abilities of the hDPSCs prepared in the 3D SMG culture system were higher, compared with those prepared in the static culture system. These findings suggested that dynamic 3D SMG culture likely contributes to tissue engineering by improving the proliferation and odontogenic differentiation abilities of hDPSCs in vivo.

Expression Profile of Cell Cycle-Related Genes in Human Fibroblasts Exposed Simultaneously to Radiation and Simulated Microgravity

“…Indeed, previous report show that simulated μ G promotes the proliferation and differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells [57]. Similar findings were also made in experiments using human dental pulp stem cells [58] and human epidermal stem cells [59], including the result of an increased percentage of Ki67-positive cells. These reports support our finding that C-ion irradiation and simulated μ G together promote cell cycle progression.…”

Stem cells applications in bone and tooth repair and regeneration: New insights, tools, and hopes

“…Dynamic three‐dimensional (3D) simulated microgravity (SMG) created using the rotary cell culture system is considered to an effective tool, which contributes to several cell functions. A recent study by Li et al () has used various histological and immunohistochemical examinations of Ki‐67, dentin sialoprotein, type I collagen and DMP‐1, and found that both the proliferation and odontogenic differentiation abilities of the hDPSCs that were prepared in the 3D SMG culture system were higher, compared with those prepared in the static culture system. These results suggested that dynamic 3D SMG abilities of hDPSCs in vivo (Li et al, ).…”

Therapeutic Functions of Stem Cells from Oral Cavity: An Update

“…Up to date, several studies have proven that dental MSCs can induce the regeneration of not only dental tissues including enamel, dentin, tooth pulp, and PDL but also other organs that share the same developmental origins such as bone and salivary gland [65,111]. Cell modification approaches such as cell immortalization, hypoxic culture condition, and 3-dimensional spheroid formation have been applied to potentiate the stemness and differentiation capacity [111][112][113]. It is further noted that native and synthetic biomaterials can be combined with dental MSCs to provide a physical scaffold that supports engraftment and differentiation of transplanted cells.…”