Three-dimensional textiles for protective clothing

Sun, Danmei; Chen, Xiaogang

doi:10.1016/b978-1-78242-214-3.00013-9

Cited by 10 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…Three dimensional (3D) woven fabric architectures are described by the development of the binding warp yarns inside the fabric thickness joined with the number of weft yarns and place of binding warp yarns can be decided by the weave design [5]. Three dimensional (3D) woven composites got attraction in advanced structural applications due to their high strength to weight ratio, better through the thickness properties, compressibility, drapability, ease of handling, structural stability and integrity, ability to adapt complex geometries, resistance to delamination and higher resistance to elongation under strain as compared to the conventional laminated (2D) composites [6–10].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mechanical performance of 3D woven jute/green epoxy composites with novel weaving patterns

Umair

Hamdani

Hussain

2021

Journal of Industrial Textiles

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Green composites have ecofriendly features that are technically and economically feasible while minimizing the pollution. It refers to the combination of degradable fibers mostly cellulosic materials and natural resins to develop green composites. Since mechanical performance of such structures is a concern for industry, by playing with the position and pattern of yarns in woven fabric, these properties can be optimized. This research focuses on the development and characterization of novel 3D woven jute/green epoxy composites having hybrid interlocking patterns. Four conventional derivatives of 3D woven fabrics i.e. orthogonal layer to layer (OLL), orthogonal through thickness (OTT), angle interlock layer to layer (ALL), angle interlock through thickness (ATT) and three novel 3D woven fabrics i.e. H1 (combination of OTT and ATT binder yarns), H2 (combination of OTT and ALL binder yarns), H3 (combination of orthogonal layer to layer warp and weft interlock called as bi-directional interlock) were developed using different binding patterns on dobby loom. Tensile, flexural, and short beam shear tests were performed to check the mechanical performance of the developed composites. OTT composite structure showed the highest values of tensile strength, modulus, and maximum force both in warp and weft directions as compared to the other 3D interlock structures, due to least interlacement/crimp of binder yarn. While ATT composite exhibited the highest value of flexural strength and modulus both in warp and weft directions due to through thickness angle binder yarns. H3 composite showed the highest values of force and short beam shear strength in warp direction.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mechanical performance of 3D woven jute/green epoxy composites with novel weaving patterns

Umair

Hamdani

Hussain

2021

Journal of Industrial Textiles

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“…Twaron ® , Kevlar ® , Dyneema ® , and Spectra ® are commonly used high-performance fibers to produce body armor systems due to their high resistance-to-impact damage [12,14,15], high strength, high tenacity, good chemical resistance and lightweight characteristics [16,17]. For the last many decades, 2D plain weave and UD fabric structure made from high-strength fibers have been used in personal body armor development due to their excellent mechanical properties and ballistic performances [18][19][20][21][22][23][24]. Such multiple 2D woven fabrics are layered to design ballistic panels with a range of thicknesses and stitched in one or more directions to enhance the ballistic resistance [25,26].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enhancing the Ballistic Performances of 3D Warp Interlock Fabric Through Internal Structure as New Material for Seamless Female Soft Body Armor Development

et al. 2020

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This paper investigates the effects of warp yarns ratios on the ballistic performances of three-dimensional (3D) warp interlock p-aramid fabrics. Four 3D warp interlock variants with different binding and stuffer warp yarns ratios were designed and developed. Except for warp yarns ratios, similar fabric parameters and manufacturing conditions were considered. Two-dimensional (2D) woven fabric having similar material characteristics and recommended for female seamless soft body armor are also considered for comparisons. Five ballistic panels, one from 2D plain weave fabric and the rest four from the other 3D warp interlock variants were prepared in a non-angled layer alignment and non-stitched but bust-shaped molded form. The ballistic test is carried out according to NIJ (National Institute of Justice) standard-level IIIA. Back Face Signature (BFS) was then modeled and measured to compute both trauma and panels’ energy-absorbing capability. The result showed significant ballistic improvement in the 3D warp interlock variant with optimum warp yarns ratios over traditional 2D plain weave fabrics. 3D warp interlock fabric panel made with 66.6% binding and 33.3% stuffer warp yarn ratio revealed both lower BFS depth and higher energy absorbing capacity (%) than other panels made of 2D plain weave and 3D warp interlock fabric variants.

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“…In the 3D warp interlock structure, the location of a binding yarn [20] ensures better mechanical properties in the thickness direction as compared to stacked 2D fabrics. Besides, 3D woven fabrics are also involved in ballistic protection due to the enhanced mechanical properties in the thickness direction as compared to two-dimensional (2D) fabrics [40,41]. Even though the numerical and analytical studies are mostly limited to 2D woven fabrics, the study revealed that 3D textile structures have a higher resistance to multi-impacts with the easier and cheaper achievement of complex shape structures in comparison with the 2D fabrics [14].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Structural Parameters on the Deformational Behaviors of Multiply 3D Layer-by-Layer Angle-Interlock Para-Aramid Fabric for Fiber-Reinforcement Composite

et al. 2020

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Materials used in the technical application including composite reinforcements and ballistic fabrics should show not only good mechanical performance but also better deformational behaviors. Meanwhile, three dimensional (3D) warp interlock fabrics have been widely employed in such applications to substitute the two dimensional (2D) fabrics because of their enhanced through-the-thickness performance and excellent formability. The deformational behaviors of such 3D warp interlock fabrics have been also influenced by various internal and external parameters. To understand and fill this gap, the current paper investigates the effects of the warp yarn interchange ratios inside the fabric structure on the formability behaviors of dry 3D warp interlock p-aramid fabrics. Four 3D warp interlock architecture types made with different binding and stuffer warp yarn interchange ratios were designed and manufactured. An adapted hydraulic-driven stamping bench along with hemispherical punch was utilized for better forming behavior analysis such as in-plane shear angle and its recovery, material drawing-in and its recovery, deformational depth recovery, and required stamping forces. Based on the investigation of various formability behaviors, the formability of (3D) warp interlock fabrics were greatly influenced by the binding and stuffer warp yarns interchange ratio inside the 3D warp interlock structure. For example, preform 3D-8W-0S exhibited a maximum deformational height recovery percentage of 5.1%, whereas 3D-4W-8S recorded only 0.72%. Preform 3D-8W-4S and 3D-8W-8S revealed 1.45% and 4.35% recovery percentages toward the deformational height at maximum position. Besides, sample 3D-4S-8W revealed the maximum drawing-in recovery percentage of 43.13% and 46.98% in the machine and cross direction, respectively, around the preform peripheral edges. On the contrary, samples with higher binding warp yarns as 3D-8W-0S show the maximum drawing-in recovery percentages values of 31.21% and 34.99% in the machine and cross directions respectively.

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Three-dimensional textiles for protective clothing

Cited by 10 publications

References 17 publications

Mechanical performance of 3D woven jute/green epoxy composites with novel weaving patterns

Mechanical performance of 3D woven jute/green epoxy composites with novel weaving patterns

Enhancing the Ballistic Performances of 3D Warp Interlock Fabric Through Internal Structure as New Material for Seamless Female Soft Body Armor Development

Effect of Structural Parameters on the Deformational Behaviors of Multiply 3D Layer-by-Layer Angle-Interlock Para-Aramid Fabric for Fiber-Reinforcement Composite

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