Three-dimensional visualization improves the endoscopic diagnosis of superficial gastric neoplasia

Abstract

Background Three-dimensional (3D) technology has been used in many fields, including flexible endoscopy. We evaluated the usefulness of 3D visualization for endoscopically diagnosing superficial gastric neoplasia. Methods Twelve participants (4 novices, 4 trainees and 4 experts) evaluated two-dimensional (2D) and 3D endoscopic still images of 28 gastric neoplasias, obtained before ESD with white-light imaging (WLI) and narrow-band imaging (NBI). Assessments of the delineation accuracy of tumor extent and tumor morphology under 2D and 3D visualization were based on the histopathological diagnosis of ESD specimens. Participants answered visual analog scale (VAS) questionnaires (0–10, worst to best) concerning the (a) ease of recognition of lesion morphology, (b) lesion extent and (c) comprehensive endoscopic cognition under 2D and 3D visualization. The endpoints were the accuracy of tumor extent and morphology type and the degree of confidence in assessing (a)–(c). Results The delineation accuracy of lesion extent [mean (95% confidence interval)] with WLI under 3D visualization [60.2% (56.1–64.3%)] was significantly higher than that under 2D visualization [52.3% (48.2–56.4%)] (P < 0.001). The accuracy with NBI under 3D visualization [70.3% (66.8–73.7%)] was also significantly higher than that under 2D visualization [64.2% (60.7–67.4%)] (P < 0.001). The accuracy of the morphology type with NBI under 3D visualization was significantly higher than that under 2D visualization (P = 0.004). The VAS for all aspects of endoscopic recognition under 3D visualization was significantly better than that under 2D visualization (P < 0.01). Conclusions Three-dimensional visualization can enhance the diagnostic quality for superficial gastric tumors.

Effect of 3-Dimensional Imaging Device on Polyp and Adenoma Detection During Colonoscopy: A Randomized Controlled Trial

“…It was estimated that approximately 9%-27% of polyps/adenomas were overlooked during the conventional 2D colonoscopy procedure (5,6). In this circumstance, the 3D imaging technology was introduced to improve the PDR and ADR by highlighting the morphological characteristics of lesions, thereby providing assistance for lesion identification (10)(11)(12)(13)(14). Prior evidence indicated that 3D imaging devices could not only increase the contrast between lesions and adjacent mucosa in real time but also did not prolong the operation time (14).…”

High-Resolution Ex-Vivo Imaging of Retina with a Laptop-Based Portable Endoscope

“…High-quality images are critical in keeping ophthalmologists oriented and helping them quickly judge the tissue distance in a 2-dimensional (2-D) intraocular field. Although stereoscopic endoscopy has developed in recent years [ 16 , 17 ], there are still many problems and technical challenges. [ 18 , 19 ] Hence, high-resolution microscopy images remain critical in vitreoretinal surgery.…”