Three dimensionally printed bioactive ceramic scaffold osseoconduction across critical-sized mandibular defects

Abstract

3D-printed bioactive ceramic scaffolds can restore critical mandibular segmental defects to levels similar to native bone after 8 weeks in an adult rabbit, critical sized, mandibular defect model.

Repair of Critical‐Sized Long Bone Defects Using Dipyridamole‐Augmented 3D‐Printed Bioactive Ceramic Scaffolds

“…Previously prepared, calcined and milled, β‐TCP (Product 21218, Lot 1305078; Sigma‐Aldrich, St. Louis, MO) powder was utilized to fabricate the 100% β‐TCP colloidal gel suspension. The colloidal gel was fabricated with a solids volume fraction of approximately 46%, (ϕ solids = ~0.46), the detailed gel fabrication process can be found in previous work by Lopez et al and Tovar et al…”

“…Current in vivo investigations of 3D‐printed (3DP) scaffolds osseoconductivity have resulted in modest regenerative outcomes . Recent work by our group produced results supporting the use of 3D‐printed β‐tricalcium phosphate (β‐TCP) scaffolds for the repair of a critical‐sized (CSD) bony defect yielding new bone comparable with that of native bone . Despite these advancements, future studies are warranted to explore the potential of scaffolds augmented with bioactive molecules capable of exerting osteogenic effects as they may prove to be more of greater utility than uncoated β‐TCP scaffolds.…”

“…Recently, the principles of 3D‐printed bioactive ceramic (3DPBC) scaffolds augmented with osteogenic bioactive molecules have yielded promising results . Independent of whether they are incorporated into prosthetic scaffolds, growth factors, such as bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs), or mesenchymal stem cells, a variety of other agents have been used to promote the repair of bone defects.…”

The role of 3D printing in treating craniomaxillofacial congenital anomalies

“…A small but growing body of work has begun to demonstrate the effects of localized adenosine receptor activation via 3D printed, geometrically tailored osseoconductive scaffold carriers. Our group reported the first successful deployment of a bio‐ceramic scaffold with deliberate geometric design in a translational model (Lopez et al, ): by regeneration of a critical‐sized, full‐thickness mandibulectomy defect in a skeletally mature rabbit model. We demonstrated that bridging bone formation at the mandibular body could be achieved at eight weeks in vivo, even without osteogenic agents.…”

“…By manipulating these geometric levels, stages of both early and late bone healing can be altered to maximize new bone formation. These principles have recently demonstrated robust healing capacity at large bony defects when applied to calcium-phosphate based bio-ceramics (Bekisz et al, 2017;Ishack, Mediero, Wilder, Ricci, & Cronstein, 2015;Lopez et al, 2018;Simon et al, 2007).…”